to stabilize the economy, monetarists and rational expectations economists

Monetarist economists believe that the role of government is to control inflation by controlling the money supply. According to classical economists, if the economy is slumping, it's because wages are too high, or because there's frictional unemployment. The term “new Keynesian” is used to indicate that the models have forward looking, or rational, expectations by individuals and firms, and some form of price rigidity, usually staggered price or wage setting. Keynesian: Keynes introduced many important insights. Would like a monetary rule to be adopted B. "Freshwater economists" often reject the effectiveness of discretionary changes in aggregate public spending as a means to efficiently stabilize business cycles. Monetarists believe in controlling the supply of money that flows into the economy while allowing the rest of the market to fix itself. 1. Monetarists reject the Keynesian notion that governments can Like Friedman and other monetarists, supporters of rational expectations theory are opposed to the active role by the government. This equation is called the _____. This im­plies that people understand how the economy works and how the government policies alter macroeconomic variables such as the price level, the level of employment and aggregate out­put. Keynesian theory is named after the 20th century British economist John Maynard Keynes. Monetarists have always been critical of these models and their use in policy. But unfortunately expectations are not directly observable. 2.The fundamental equation of monetarism is the equation of exchange: MV = PQ; Monetarists say that velocity, V, is stable, meaning that the factors altering velocity change gradually and predictably. Therefore, agents make only random errors in forecasting the future course of economic variables. Rational Expectations Theory ... Monetarists say that government also contributes to the economy’s business cycles through clumsy, mistaken, monetary policies. The rational expectations theory inspired the New Keynesians. Keynesian economists generally say that spending is the key to the economy, while monetarists say the amount of money in circulation is the greatest determining factor. 1, Nov 2013 ©The Author(s) 2013. This article is published with open access by the GSTF prices to some degree, and the rate of unemployment would Thus, the debate about economic policy has come full circle. economy to expand. Under rational expectations, agents are assumed to be more sophisticated. The idea of rational expectations was first developed by American economist John F. Muth in 1961. Question 23 0 out of 1 points To stabilize the economy, monetarist and rational expectations economists advocate. 2. A consumer will not simply assume a 2% inflation rate just because that has been the average the past few years; they will look at current monetary policy and economic conditions to make an informed forecast. TRUE. What is new classical economics? The basic equation of the monetarists is _____ = _____. Rational expectations theory says that we look at ALL the available data – what happened, what is happening, what policies the government is implementing, plus what it is considering – when making predictions about what will happen in the future. Volcker applied monetarist theory and rational expectations in his attack on inflation in the 1980s. New Classical economists assume that the actors in the private sector of the economy have rational expectations. 3 No. lievers in rational expectations-although differing, all advocate a reduced role for government, a "return to the market," and they do not appear to dwell on the condition of the economy (or the people in it) after their policy prescriptions have been enacted. M = V = P = Q = 3. They would merely adjust the money supply. They favor stable policy rules that reduce variability and uncertainty for private decision makers. Answer to: Rational Expectations believes that markets accurately incorporate all known info. Monetarists assert that the objectives of monetary policy are best met by targeting the growth rate of the money supply rather than by engaging in discretionary monetary policy. The term also is used to contrast these models with “old Keynesian” models without rational expectations. Question 22 0 out of 1 points The rule suggested by the monetarists is that the money supply should be increased at the same rate as the Correct Answer: potential growth in real GDP Feedback: See p. 328. TRUE. This assumes that agents form expectations based upon all available information about the future at the time they take the decision. GSTF Journal on Business Review (GBR), Vol. Indicate what each of the following four letters stands for. Most economists consider this property realistic, but an important school of macroeconomists, the so-called real business cycle proponents, denies it. With the reduction of money supply he managed to reduce inflation. Interestingly, some of these challengers—monetarists and rational expectations theorists—bear a striking resemblance to the classical economists of old. Rational expectations suggest that people will be wrong sometimes, but that, on average, they will be correct. It is particularly associated with the writings of Milton Friedman, Anna Schwartz, Karl Brunner, and Allan Meltzer, with early […] And because of rational expectations, the government cannot fool the people with system­atic economic policies. Graphically, if aggregate demand increases, it temporarily raises real output and the price level. On the other hand, according to rational expectations theory, budget deficit will cause rate of interest to rise which will discourage private investment. To monetarists, the best thing for the economy is to keep an eye on the money supply and let the market take care of itself. They said that monetary policy is more potent than fiscal policy. According to mainstream macro-economists, U.S. macro instability has resulted from investment booms and busts and occasionally adverse supply shocks . Market monetarists The rational expectations hypothesis implies that expectations should have certain properties, especially these should be unbiased, predictors of the actual value and should be based on the best possible information available at the time of their formation. Understanding the Concept of Rational Expectations. Or something like that. Economists loosely associated with the "freshwater school" have found that market failures might be important both as a cause of and as amplification and propagation of business cycles. Economists often use the doctrine of rational expectations to explain anticipated inflation rates or any other economic state. Keynesian Theory. To stabilize the economy, monetarist and rational expectations economists: A. They therefore favor minimal government intervention in the economy. Monetarists believe that the economy is inherently stable and that government intervention in the economy makes business cycles worse. In particular, they generally argue that the economy tends toward full employment and that government intervention is unnecessary and even counterproductive. The new classical view of economics, held by monetarists and rational expectation economists, is that the economy may deviate from the full-employment level of output, but it eventually returns to this output level because there are self-corrective mechanisms in the economy. Because the Rational Expectations Theory holds that consumers and firms anticipate government Most of what's referred to as "Keynesian economics" is not actually by Keynes, but by economists like Okun, Samuelson, and many others. Answer to: The idea that if consumers anticipate monetary policy changes, there will be no change in GDP is a theory advanced by A. monetarists. As a result, adherents of the Rational Expectations Theory, like monetarists and classical economists, call for the government to avoid engaging in stabilization policy and instead advocate waiting for the economy to self-correct. If done right, expansionary monetary policy would negate the need for deficit spending. Monetarists believe that markets are typically clear and that participants have rational expectations. Monetarism, a term first used by Brunner in 1968, can be understood in two ways. Central banks don't need politicians’ help to manage the economy. True or false: According to monetarists, inappropriate monetary policy is a major source of macroeconomics instability. And then we take appropriate measures. Monetarism is a macroeconomic school of thought that emphasizes (1) long-run monetary neutrality, (2) short-run monetary nonneutrality, (3) the distinction between real and nominal interest rates, and (4) the role of monetary aggregates in policy analysis. 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