research on child marriage

1. However, it creates confusion by declaring some marriages void and some others voidable. Still, child marriage is much more common in the developing world because one of the main driving factors is poverty. Several studies revealed that accurate data on the true extent of child marriage is difficult to obtain since many of such marriages are unregistered and the ages of girls are falsified ( UNIFPA, 2006). The report also identified that in the year 2011, globally 720 million girls and 156 million boys under the age of 18 years are estimated to be married. Each state, territory and federal district sets the marriage age in its jurisdiction. According to researches by PBS, “Although the definition of child marriage includes boys, most children married under the age of 18 years are girls.” child marriage rate stands at 30% while global rate is at 29% (Mashangwa, 2016 ). Child marriage refers to any formal marriage or informal union between a child under the age of 18 and an adult or another child. Child marriage perpetuates the cycles of poverty, poor health, illiteracy, and violence that have negative impacts on overall development, prosperity, and stability. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals call for global action to end … Search for and explore our research and programs. African Union extends campaign to end child marriage until 2017, 2017 in review: 6 signs we made progress towards ending child marriage, Child marriage has a significant economic impact, new World Bank research states, What we’ve learnt from the national survey on child marriage in Tanzania, Child marriage and the SDGs: celebrating Day of the African Child 2017, Setting the age of marriage at 18 can have a huge impact on child marriage, Four things we’ve learned about child marriage in West Africa, Tanzania’s Supreme Court declares child marriage unconstitutional, Together we can make child marriage & HIV history, Informal child marriages in Mexico: findings from new INSAD report, From Brazil to Norway, to Ethiopia: The many faces of child and forced marriages. RESEARCH ARTICLE Effect of child marriage on girls’ school dropout in Nepal: Analysis of data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2014 Kazutaka Sekine1¤*, Marian Ellen Hodgkin2 1 Health Section, UNICEF Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal, 2 Education Section, UNICEF Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal The new law, called the 2017 Child Marriage Restraint Act (CMRA), includes two key changes. costing the global economy trillions of dollars, Girls Not Brides USA: Recommendations for the First 100 Days in Office, Addressing Girls’ Education and Early Marriage in Ethiopia, Uncovering solutions to preventing child marriage and teen pregnancy, See Due to relatively small sample size for some of our outcomes in this age group, we also estimate our regressions on a larger subsample of women: 20 to 29 years. The latest UNICEF data shows that 25 million child marriages were prevented in the last decade, which is significant progress. Insights from research and evaluations guide AJWS’s evidence-based strategy for reducing child, early and forced marriage (CEFM), from our grassroots grantmaking to our global advocacy efforts. According to researches by PBS, “Although the definition of child marriage includes boys, most children married under the age of 18 years are girls.” Child marriage continues to be highly prevalent in Africa, where almost 40% of girls are married before age 18 [ 1 ]. 1 Girls living in the poorest, rural areas of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia are the most vulnerable. As of July 1, 2019, in 13 states there was no statutory minimum age when all exemptions were taken into account. It is intended as a guide, depending on the When a girl child reaches puberty, parents worry about protecting her chastity. Rates of child marriage before age 15 also fell, … 15, No. Washington, D.C. 20036. Furthermore, early marriage will have a negative impact on the next generation. marriage remains very high, combating child marriage is an important area for policy, not only in terms of the impact of child marriage on education, but also in terms of health and social its impacts, and the need to guarantee the right for girls not to marry early if they do not want to. Marriage before the age of 18 is a fundamental violation of human rights. No one religious affiliation is associated with child marriage. Continued concerted efforts to address the root causes of child, early and forced marriage is essential to ensure that we achieve Sustainable Development Goal 5.3 and end child marriages by 2030. Many factors interact to place a child at risk of marriage, including poverty, the perception that marriage will provide ‘protection’, family honor, social norms, customary or religious laws that condone the practice, an inadequate legislative framework and the state of a country’s civil registration system. In this Act, the term child refers to a male younger than twenty-one, or a female younger than eighteen. In 2017, this number was just over one in five. Continued concerted efforts to address the root causes of child, early … The findings point to the importance of creating alternatives to child marriage in contexts where choice and agency for women and girls is limited, and highlight the need for integrated strategies to end child marriage. Child marriage continues to be highly prevalent in Africa, where almost 40% of girls are married before age 18 [].Research has consistently documented the adverse economic, social, demographic and reproductive health consequences of child marriage for child brides, their families and their communities [1,2,3,4,5,6,7].Marriage can lead to unique changes in the life of an adolescent girl … If child marriage continues at this rate, an additional 100 million girls in developing countries will be married within the next 10 years. Child marriage – marriage before the age of 18 – is a human rights violation. The practice is costing the global economy trillions of dollars, according to research conducted by ICRW and the World Bank. Across Lebanon, Jordan, Turkey, and Yemen, communities affected by conflict and displacement are turning to child marriage when faced with increased poverty and risks of sexual violence against girls. While most research on child marriage focuses on Africa and Asia, growing evidence shows an alarming rise of child marriage in humanitarian settings. Facts About Child Marriage . Child, early and forced marriage occur throughout the world, in both high- and low-income countries. Do you know of statistics or research on the subject of early marriages in our region? Ending child marriage is the smart thing to do. The United Nations and policymakers in the United States have relied on ICRW research to inform the creation and improvement of policies and practices, as well as to build more successful interventions to prevent the practice and include girls who are already married in programming across various sectors. She lives. Child, early and forced marriage has significant negative impacts on the futures of children, particularly girls. • The Guide has been compiled from the programme’s second year of research, which focused on social norms and social norm change around early marriage and education. ICRW was one of the first organizations to conduct research and engage in advocacy around child marriage. 2017 was another big year for research on child marriage. Consequently this shall be done from my perspective upon child marriage. COMMENTARY Open Access Research priorities on ending child marriage and supporting married girls Joar Svanemyr1*, Venkatraman Chandra-Mouli2, Anita Raj3, Ellen Travers4 and Lakshmi Sundaram4 Abstract Over the past few years the issue of child marriage has received growing political and programmatic attention. Child Marriage Essay Introduction Causes Impact Solution Slogan Speech Quotes Child Marriage Essay Introduction . The Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006, which is the national law against child marriage, does not allow the question of consent in case of minors and treats child marriage as a punishable offence. As for Girls Not Brides, we will be supporting new research on implementing multi-sectoral strategies at sub-national level to help inform how national strategies to address child marriage are being implement. Help elevate our work by donating to ICRW today. The betrothal of female children to adult males is still a regular phenomenon among the Hausa-Fulani ethnic group who occupy the northern part of Nigeria and, to a lesser extent, is prevalent also in other parts of the country. While countries with the highest prevalence of child marriage are concentrated in Western and Sub-Saharan Africa, due to population size, the largest number of child brides reside in South Asia. This new evidence could be a game-changer for civil society advocates and policy-makers alike – it provides us with a credible tool to show that ending child marriage is not only the right thing do, it’s also the smart thing to do if we want to see increased economic development. This year, research from Lebanon showed how living in urban areas influenced refugee parents’ decisions to marry girls young. Child marriage robs them of their childhoods, education, health and freedom, and can leave girls vulnerable to abuse for the rest of their lives. Child marriage perpetuates the cycles of poverty, poor health, illiteracy, and violence that have negative impacts on overall development, prosperity, and stability. As a result, child marriage has a profound impact on girls, their families, communities and countries worldwide. Understanding Child Marriage: Insights from Comparative Research. 3, December 2009 The highest rates of child marriage are seen in West and Central Africa, where over four in ten girls were married before age 18. Research has consistently documented the adverse economic, social, demographic and reproductive health consequences of child marriage for child brides, their families and their communities [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ]. We estimated all regressions on two subgroups of women who have ever been married or cohabited. Each state, territory and federal district sets the marriage age in its jurisdiction. Use our system, demonstrating that research and marriage is only twelve. Suite 500 N The Council has conducted research on the causes of child marriage, including traditions, poverty, and a desire to protect daughters. As Head of Learning, Ellen leads Girls Not Brides strategy on learning for impact and designs initiatives to help inform and advance policies and programmes which seek to end child marriage and support married girls. Individual researchers: why do best with their biological, more. Collaborating with local partners, we have designed effective programs that work with girls and boys, their families and their communities to delay marriage. Consequently this shall be done from my perspective upon child marriage. The International Center for Research on Women (ICRW) recently conducted research in Kenya, Senegal, Uganda, and Zambia to contribute to greater understanding of the drivers of child marriage in each of these contexts. Our research took place recently after Bangladesh amended its laws regarding child marriage for the first time in nearly 90 years. ICRW is the world's premier research institute focused on tackling challenges facing women and girls worldwide. We use our research to educate national and international policymakers on the urgent need for leadership and action to prevent child marriage. 46, No. Child Marriage Research Library. Getting the Evidence: Asia Child Marriage Initiative, was commissioned by Plan International and UK-based research firm Coram International.Based on thousands of surveys and interviews with parents, community leaders, and children in communities in all 3 countries, the report details the underlying causes of child marriage alongside a suite of recommendations for countering … The main independent variable in this analysis, child marriage, is based on the self-reported age at which the respondent got married or started living together with a partner for the first time. Costs of child marriage: what does the World Bank research say? Despite the devastating impact of child marriage (marriage before the age of 18 years) on health, no study has yet evaluated its impact on mental health in the general adult population. At Girls Not Brides, we have also supported our members to document their insights and lessons from. Most child marriages involve underage women, many of whom are in poor socio-economic conditions.. Child marriages are prevalent in India.Estimates vary widely between sources as to the extent and scale of child marriages. In Latin America, child marriage remains a hidden and underestimated problem – partly because of the language used to describe unions which are mostly informal. A new study on the economic impacts of child marriage by the World Bank and the International Center for Research on Women (ICRW) suggests that the negative impacts of child marriage on a wide range of development outcomes are large. Despite laws against it, the practice remains widespread: Globally, one in every five girls is married, or in union, before reaching age 18. Statistics, research on child marriage in South East Europe | Child Protection Hub for South East Europe Skip to main content Yet investments to end the practice are limited, and . Ending child marriage is the smart thing to do. And it is not tied to any one region, religion or culture. Related Publications. “Where does child marriage happen most?” It’s the first question we get asked... 2. Child marriage remains a global issue Insights from research and evaluations guide AJWS’s evidence-based strategy for reducing child, early and forced marriage (CEFM), from our grassroots grantmaking to our global advocacy efforts. Child Marriage Research Library. Child Marriage Declines in South Asia: Education and Human Development May Lead to Fewer Child Brides By Docksai, Rick The Futurist, Vol. That means 25,000 girls will be married every day over the next decade. We're centralizing research from around the globe to make information more accessible. Current research shows that child marriage limits girls’ education, leads to early and more frequent childbirth and puts girls at a heightened risk of experiencing violence, food insecurity and other negative health outcomes, such as pregnancy complications or sexually transmitted diseases. They also looked at the impact and cost effectiveness of four types of interventions in Burkina Faso, Ethiopia and Tanzania. The vast majority of child marriages are between a girl and a man, and are rooted in gender inequality. Girls Not Brides is a global partnership of more than 1500 civil society organisations committed to ending child marriage and enabling girls to fulfil their potential. A study from Nicaragua found that child marriage is deeply rooted in gender norms. This research has not only explored the impacts of child marriage, but also the root causes of and best practices to prevent child marriage. View Child Marriage Research Papers on Academia.edu for free. Child marriage has been illegal in India since the passing of the Child Marriage Restraint Act, 1929. As populations continue to grow, hundreds of millions of girls remain at risk. Find out more, © Copyright 2002 - 2020 All Rights Reserved, programme evaluations from the last 20 years, laws and policies and strategies affecting adolescents and youth, summary of lessons learned from national strategies to end child marriage, Using football to end child marriage in Tanzania, Empowering married adolescent girls in Lebanon, Supporting girls to stay in school by providing bicycles in Nepal, Using theatre to raise awareness in Pakistan, Empowering communities to address child marriage through human rights education in Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Mauritania, Mali, Gambia, Advocating for a stronger law to address child marriage in Malawi. In addition to putting a girl’s health at risk, it hinders her ability to exercise her right to choose who, if, and when she marries; to pursue her right to education; and in many cases, may also impede her legal and economic rights. Ending child marriage would generate large welfare benefits through a reduction in population growth, helping to usher in the demographic dividend. New research identifies what works best to delay marriage in Ethiopia and Tanzania. Therefore, the research wishes to provide a future research and to contribute to the debate of child marriage by presenting a different view on the subject. By Ellen Travers, Head of Learning on Wednesday 20th Dec 2017. ICRW has conducted research on the solutions to child marriage, and we must do more. Child marriage is caused when two young or one young and one adult individuals are forced into the institution of marriage without their consent. Child marriage is a global issue that affects disproportionately more girls than boys including Bangladesh (UNICEF, 2014). Child marriage refers to any formal marriage or informal union between a child under the age of 18 and an adult or another child. of child marriage. In the Dominican Republic, Plan International highlighted different drivers of child marriage, from pressure to marry following unintended pregnancy, to a desire to escape violent family homes. Council research shows that marriage does not protect girls. New findings on child marriage in Kenya, Senegal, Uganda and Zambia confirm unequal gender norms that prioritise women’s roles as wives, mothers and family caretakers as drivers of child marriage in those countries, highlighting differences with South Asia. Around 2000, one in three women between the ages of 20 and 24 reported they had been married as children. We fund opportunities for researchers to network, share new knowledge and collaborate, so that organizations around the world can more effectively advance the sexual health and rights of adolescent girls. The reasons behind child marriage are complex, but some root causes include inequitable gender norms, poverty and the belief that marriage will protect girls from sexual assault or harassment. Child marriage in India, according to the Indian law, is a marriage where either the woman is below the age of 18 or the man is below the age of 21. programme, Transforming the Lives of Adolescent Girls and Young Women, which involved research in Ethiopia, Nepal, Uganda and Viet Nam. The latest UNICEF data shows that 25 million child marriages were prevented in the last decade, which is significant progress. ą Child marriage is a harmful practice that dispro - portionately affects girls, with negative impacts on their health, education, and opportunities in life. COVID-19: latest news and resources on child marriage and COVID-19, Ending child marriage in challenging times – a message from our CEO, 10 ways the world got closer to ending child marriage in the last 10 years, COVID-19 and child, early and forced marriage: An agenda for action, Child Marriage: a Form of Violence Against Children, Surfer not bride: how Naomi waved goodbye to early marriage, More than a white dress: In the midst of the Syrian crisis, girls rise to end child marriage. Free outline for the center is to state. Research Thesis: Early marriage and child grooms in Nepalgunj, Nepal - by R. Bowe, University of Amsterdam 2017 – Because of the greater attention given to females within child marriage, this research thesis seeks to fill a knowledge gap around the practices of early marriage that include ‘child grooms’, and the subsequent ways in which these individuals navigate their lives with this label. ICRW works on a range of issues impacting the lives of women and girls. The practice of child marriage is a violation of girls’ human rights. For the first time in June 2017, the World Bank and The International Center for Research on Women (ICRW) calculated the costs of child marriage. Child marriage ultimately violates a girl’s aspirations and achievements. We have evaluated projects and programs to determine how and why they work. I find these research questions to be broad enough to target effectively, therefore no further According to the International Center for Research on Women (ICRW), 100 million girls will be married before the age of 18 in the coming decade. ICRW has also explored how best to support girls who are already married. To organise and make sense of this vast literature, we draw out key themes and areas in which especially interesting discussions have taken place or are underway. Approximately 12 million girls are married each year before they reach the age of 18, according to UNICEF data from 2018. In the least developed countries, that number doubles – 40 per cent of girls are married before age 18, and 12 per cent of girls are married before age 15. Plan International has started research in eight Latin American countries, while the World Bank is due to release several country reports about the economic impacts of child marriage. Due to pressure exerted on children to marry young in Northern Nigeria, clos… Women reporting marriage or cohabitation before the age of 18 were defined as experiencing child marriage. Child marriage is caused when two young or one young and one adult individuals are forced into the institution of marriage without their consent. ą Child marriage laws are important to provide girls with legal protection and signal commit - ment to achieving the Sustainable Development Goal target of ending child marriage by 2030. As a result, child marriage has a profound impact on girls, their families, communities and countries worldwide. This is the case not only for child brides, but also for their children and for societies overall. Child brides often show signs symptomatic of sexual abuse and post-traumatic stress such as feelings of hopelessness, helplessness and severe depression. At the policy level, UNFPA’s desk review sheds light on laws and policies and strategies affecting adolescents and youth including child marriage, and Tahirih Justice Centre analysed minimum age of marriage laws in the US. PREVALENCE OF EARLY CHILD MARRIAGE. UNICEF will be sharing new statistics on trends of child marriage, as well as country reports for the Middle East and North Africa, and several African countries, including Cameroon, Burundi and Mozambique. Publication - 21 October 2020, Research Program - 01 April 2014, Blog - 12 April 2017, As applied researchers, we often unearth evidence that allow. Despite laws against it, the harmful practice remains widespread. The imposition of a marriage partner upon a child means that a girl’s or boy’s childhood is cut short and their fundamental rights are compromised. Child marriage is known to take place across a wide range of communities, ethnicities and religions. That’s one in five girls globally whose childhood is abruptly ended and future prospects further complicated. Our research has been designed to better understand the scope, causes and consequences of child marriage in order to find effective solutions to prevent the practice in a number of different cultural contexts around the world. A global issue that affects disproportionately more girls than boys including Bangladesh ( UNICEF, ). Washington, D.C. 20036 world, in both high- and low-income countries challenges facing and! To highlight the findings the when a girl child reaches puberty, parents about... Refugee parents ’ decisions to marry girls young not protect girls girl also fewer! 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