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In this article, I’ll explore the different meditation techniques that employ mantra, how to choose a mantra, why mantras are powerful, and what are the different levels and subtleties of this practice. The meditation techniques now prevalent show the strong influence of the Tantras. In ancient India each teacher developed his or her own concept model of Brahman and taught it as a meditation technique to his or her disciples. Under the influence of Yoga and Tantra new techniques of meditation were developed during the Middle Ages which survive to this day. On the other hand, Sri Ramanuja holds the view that upasana can lead to full liberation. Brahma-Sutra 3. A similar distinction is found in Buddhism. Vedanta literally means ‘the end of the Vedas’ (veda = knowledge). 12. Subjective meditation is called nididhyasana or atma-vicara. The next stage in the evolution of upasana is found in the Upanisads. Either way, conc… Topics Include: Goals and Benefits of Meditation  Objects of Meditation  Methods of Concentration  Posture,  Physical Condition,  Eating Habits, and Spiritual Exercises  Mystical Experiences and Realization  Obstacles in Meditation and Ways of Overcoming ThemWe are happy to offer this hardback edition at the paperback price!For other titles by Swami Adiswarananda please click here. He was interested in meditation … Brahma-Sutra 3. It is the rational method of meditating on the Supreme Absolute, the Eternal, the Infinite. Lastly, combining nididhyasana and upasana satisfies both the head and the heart. A Definitive Guide to Techniques and Traditions of Meditation in Yoga and Vedanta. © 2016 Vedanta Society of Southern California, “Transformation of Character and Consciousness” by Pravrajika Sevaprana, How Karma Yoga Has Affected My Life   Br. to represent Brahman.5 However, what the sages attempted was not mere concentration of mind on one of these symbols. The name given to this common stage varies from path to path. It is there that the mind is to be fixed first, and it is there that the chosen deity is to be worshipped. Zen meditation is an ancient Buddhist tradition that dates back to the Tang Dynasty in 7th century China. Says Swami Vivekananda, “By prayer one’s subtle powers are easily roused, and if consciously done all desires may be fulfilled by it.” (Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda, 5: 325) Concentration is not the main problem in spiritual life. 9. These extracts tell us how we can practice meditation and make it part of our lives. Sankara states that the benefit derived from upasana is either worldly prosperity (abhyudaya) or “gradual liberation” (krama-mukti). In Christianity the main spiritual discipline is called prayer. Zen meditation is an ancient Buddhist tradition that dates back to the Tang Dynasty in 7th century China. But whatever be the name given, it means some form of meditative awareness. View More… Browse by Category Path of Kriya Yoga Meditation and Yoga Health and vitality Yoga philosophy 3. Swami Bhajanananda is an Assistant-Secretary and Trustee of the Ramakrishna Order. But long before the beginning of the Christian era the lineage of Vedic rishis had ended. Swami Bhajanananda was the editor of Prabuddha Bharata from 1979 through 1986, and has contributed many articles to various Vedanta journals. Brihadaranyaka Upanisad 1.1.1. We treat this subject in depth in our Teachers’ Training Courses. What they actually did was to connect each symbol to a certain framework of meaning—a spiritual formula. The object may be the form of a deity, light, sky, etc. This means that, in order to establish a truly loving relationship with God, it is necessary to be aware of one’s higher self. To bring this idea of vastness within, one should look at the Himalayas or the ocean, or gaze at the What is perception? The first teachers who brought Yoga to the West came with the profound teachings of Vedanta as their greatest treasure to share with the world. There are two forms: Meditation on an object and meditation without an object. Vidyas are paradigms of Brahman. Swami Brahmananda said,”God should be imagined as vast and infinite. We are now witnessing a great revival of mysticism, and ancient methods are being adjusted to suit the needs of modern aspirants. Subjective meditation is called nididhyasana or atma-vicara. Les Vedas sont les plus anciennes écritures savantes de l'humanité. Vedanta employs all the limbs of classical yoga from asana to samadhi, using all methods of the yogas of knowledge, devotion, service and technique, depending upon the needs of the student. Even in the path of karma one finds the need to maintain self-awareness in the midst of work. Some of the Upanisads, especially the Brihadaranyaka, Chandogya and Taittiriya, are a rich storehouse of these vidyas. The first technique explained here can be practiced with a purely secular/agnostic approach; the other ones have some spiritual elements in them. This leads to inquiry (nididhyasana) which corresponds to meditation. Objective meditation is called upasana. Here we are concerned only with upasana. The essential prerequisite for meditation is a calm mind. Generally Vedanta does not prescribe any particular form of meditation en masse or … There ispersonal coaching and guidance by a Swami in the study of Viveka Chudamani, the “Crest Jewel of Discrimination” by Sankaracharya. But the meditations still resembled the sacrifices. So the great sages of the Upanisads used various familiar objects of the phenomenal universe like the sun, akasa (space), vayu (air), water, prana (the vital energy), manas (mind), words, etc. So then, angavabaddhas (in the Brahmanas), substitution-meditations (in the Aranyakas) and vidyas (in the Upanisads): these were the three stages in the evolution of upasana during the Vedic period. He even identifies it with bhakti. The essential prerequisite for meditation is a calm mind. 3. Vidvanmanoranjani on Vedanta Sara 1. See Paul Deussen, The Philosophy of the Upanisads (New York: Dover Publications Inc., 1966), pp. Meditation is usually done at a definite center of consciousness, by which is meant the point where the aspirant is able to feel the higher self or Atman. 5. Meditation & Its Practices: A Definitive The teacher may also explain meditation techniques. Even those who study books on Advaita seldom attempt self-inquiry in practice and remain satisfied with objective meditations. Each path of sadhana or spiritual discipline begins in a different way. Consciousness is focussed on the object by an effort of will. A Definitive Guide to Techniques and Traditions of Meditation in Yoga and Vedanta. This user-friendly guidebook begins with basic principles and proceeds step by step to more advanced topics and techniques. In the Brahmanas we find a few meditations prescribed along with these rites. GUIDE TO MEDITATION The following are practical points regarding the basic techniques and stages of meditation. One of the three main systems of Indian thought; Vedanta describes the nature of Brahman or divine consciousness. Vedanta is a yoga of knowledge or a path of meditation. This wisdom was revealed to the ancient sages. Meditation is a practice where an individual uses a technique – such as mindfulness, or focusing the mind on a particular object, thought, or activity – to train attention and awareness, and achieve a mentally clear and emotionally calm and stable state. It is, however, important to keep in mind that these two types of meditation are not mutually contradictory. In fact the Zen masters speak of “action meditation,” “walking meditation,” etc. This fourth degree corresponds to Hindu meditation or dhyana. Spiritual initiation (diksa or upadesa) usually means initiation into some form of upasana. Monistic Vedanta recommends this type of meditation. Self-inquiry is necessary to recognize this. 4. Upasananam jnanad bhedam darsayati manasavyapararupaniti / Nididhyasanad bhedamaha saguneti. Meditation comes when you reach a state of pure thought, but still retain your awareness of duality. After practicing upasana for some time it becomes easier to practice nididhyasana. 55. Each meditator keeps to his or her own “lane” but all the lanes are parts of one great highway. A Definitive Guide to Techniques and Traditions of Meditation in Yoga and Vedanta. POSITIVE THINKING AND MEDITATION (Vedanta and Dhyana) Yoga teaches us that our thoughts are the real cause behind our success and happiness. But in ancient India the sages went straight to the Reality with the help of certain mental paradigms. These techniques only teach you how to begin meditation, they only open different doors to meditative awareness. A practical vedanta meditation to look directly into this moment and expose the ego's non-existence. or some qualities like love, compassion, strength or one’s own self objectified. Only the Atman, our true higher self, is unchanging and eternal. To penetrate further backward is possible only for a mind which is properly sharpened through training and strengthened by the observance of continence. Zen meditation is a traditional Buddhist discipline providing insight into how the mind works, which offers benefits to one's well-being & spirit. This is a much better form of mind control than the conventional ones. (This is the integration.) The Advanced Teachers’ Training Course is open to successful graduates of the Sivananda Yoga Teachers’ Training Course. Cf. The whole external rite was, as it were, transferred to the mind. What is Vedanta Vedanta is a yoga of knowledge or a path of meditation. This is a journal entry of enlighenment experiences. But many people find this too unreal or abstract. As a result the aspirant may find it difficult to remain unaffected by the contact of other people and the cares and distractions of daily work. But gradually the goal became more important than the means. Swami Vivekananda’s teachings on meditation, its philosophy and practice, reflect the depth and breadth of the mystical traditions of India and of his own inner realizations. This is the message of Vedanta: “What is that which, by being known, everything else becomes known.” We often hear the word "Vedanta" in yoga classes, meditation groups, and spiritual gatherings. Meditation & Its Practices: A Definitive In the path of bhakti, the aspirant moves from prayer, singing of hymns and worship to meditation which is known under different names like abhyasa (Ramanuja), smarana and bhavana. A scientist tries to understand the ultimate truth through a series of steps, meticulously analyzing each step. Les Vedas sont les plus anciennes écritures savantes de l'humanité. We are the greatest temple. Vedanta is the culmination of human experience and is the end of the faculty of thinking. Meditation is a subject of universal interest, practiced by spiritual aspirants of many traditions on the quest for serenity, peace, and wholeness. By Swami Vivekananda Edited with a biographical sketch by Swami Chetanananda Foreward by Christopher Isherwood Paperback. They are like different gates which open to the same highway. Beyond this common path lies the luminous realm of the Spirit. THIS IS AN INTRODUCTION VIDEO, Please click this link:- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EwQkfoKxRvo - To learn the Simple yet powerful Guided … He was interested in meditation … Finally, the teacher may explain how to take these techniques into everyday life. Meditation is of two types: subjective and objective. In ordinary concentration the mind is focused on an external object or a mental idea. Vedanta neglected its mystical roots, became more speculative and polemical, and thus moved farther away from life and experience. Nididhyasana enables the aspirant to abide in the real abode within and remain calm and unaffected by the environment. These gradually become reduced, and the aspirant reaches a stage when there exists only a single pratyaya or thought in the mind. Among the many traditions of meditation in Hinduism, Yoga and Vedanta have passed the test of time, proving as vital today as they were throughout the ages in helping us overcome the maladies of life and attain spiritual fulfillment. . Le mot Vedanta signifie littéralement “Fin des Vedas”. But they do not teach you how to maintain meditation, which is something you have to learn through practice. The majority of spiritual aspirants find nididhyasana, subjective meditation, difficult to practice. How to set up your own meditation practice at home Breathing techniques – anuloma viloma and kapalabhati Concentration practices – tratak, mantra japa, likhita japa It concerns the philosophy of unity, the end (goal) of all knowledge. Among these gayatri-vidya, antaraditya-vidya, madhu-vidya, sandilya-vidya and dahara-vidya are well known. The author, Swami Adiswarananda, was a senior monk of the Ramakrishna Order of India and for 39 years until his passing, the Spiritual Leader of the Ramakrishna-Vivekananda Center in New York City. Then why are there so many different techniques of meditation? A mind burdened with desires and attachments is unable to take off into subtler Meditation & Its Practices: A Definitive Guide to Techniques and Traditions of Meditation in Yoga and Vedanta [Adiswarananda, Swami] on Amazon.com. But it recognizes that other yogic paths are helpful, if not indispensable adjuncts, particularly the path of devotion (Bhakti Yoga) , which takes us directly to the Divine presence in the heart. Pancadasi 9. He therefore went further and discovered the other form of meditation known as vipassana (vipasyanam in Sanskrit) or “insight.” It is an analytic method which involves constant mindfulness and awareness of all experiences, good and bad. Self-inquiry leads the aspirant away from the ego towards the true self. A practical vedanta meditation to look directly into this moment and expose the ego's non-existence. In both, awareness is not allowed to move too far away from this center. Upasana increases one’s power of concentration but does not necessarily increase one’s power of self-control to an equal degree. But every path has a stage which corresponds to meditation. When a mind which is sufficiently purified meditates on such a formula, its true meaning—the ultimate Reality—will be revealed to it. Then there is a third point in favor of such a combination. According to Ramanuja and Madhva, it is the self that issues forth and directly perceives the object. Such great masters began with Swami Vivekananda at the end of the nineteenth century and continued with Swami Rama Tirtha, Paramahansa Yogananda, and the many disciples o… The entire knowledge of the Upanisads came out of the meditations of the great rishis on these vidyas. A Definitive Guide to Techniques and Traditions of Meditation. Advaita 'Non Duality' Vedanta Philosophy Realizing the state of 'Consciousness' or 'Brahman' or 'Holy Spirit' or 'Buddha' or 'God Awareness' Meditation According to Vedanta Excerpts Meditate in Silence It is impossible to find God outside of ourselves. (The “choiceless awareness” technique of the well-known contemporary teacher J. Krishnamurthy comes close to this method.) A third reason for the neglect of the vidyas was the popularity of Yoga and, later on, of the Tantras. Form, Name and the Self One of the important changes that the Tantras introduced was in the field of symbols. Also cf. It is the greatest and the highest knowledge. The images of different gods and goddesses have completely replaced … A little nididhyasana or self-inquiry will, however, greatly help in locating the center of the true self and make the lotus or light meaningful and real. Before the aspirant starts actual meditation, if he or she spends a few minutes in tracing the “I” back to its source, the aspirant will find it easier to fix the mind at the right center of consciousness. Vivek, Kali: In Our Hearts and Minds   Led by David Nelson. The purpose of such meditations was to gain some additional merit and their omission in no way affected the sacrifices. In raja yoga we use our mental powers to realize Most of the meditation techniques taught to aspirants are upasanas. La dernière partie des Vedas est constituée des Upanishad, dont la noble philosophie porte le nom de Vedanta et qui ont aussi influencé d'éminents philosophes occidentaux tels que Arthur Schopenhauer. But though nididhyasana is mainly followed in the path of jnana, there is nothing wrong in following it in the path of bhakti also. The difference between upasana and nididhyasana as two different disciplines has also been clearly pointed out by Ramatirtha in his well-known commentary on the Vedanta Sara.1 Vidyaranya too has made this distinction by describing upasana as vastu-tantra (object-oriented) and nididhyasana as kartri-tantra (subject-oriented).2. It is the highest spiritual technique that needs to be practised diligently and devotedly by qualified practitioners. Then comes meditation (dhyana). POSITIVE THINKING AND MEDITATION (Vedanta and Dhyana) Yoga teaches us that our thoughts are the real cause behind our success and happiness. Meditation thus acts as a great junction where all spiritual paths converge, meet, go together for a short distance—and then diverge again to their respective goals. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. After long practice, duality disappears and Samadhi, the superconscious state, is attained. But it recognizes that other yogic paths are helpful, if not indispensable adjuncts, particularly the path of … Om usa va asvasya medhyasya sirah . Swami Brahmananda said,”God should be imagined as vast and infinite. K. Narayanaswami Aiyar, The Thirty-two Vidyas (Madras: The Adyar Library and Research Centre, 1962). They are to be learnt directly from competent teachers who have attained illumination through them. Here there is no focussing of consciousness or effort of will. They succeed in tracing their “I” back only up to a certain point. Meditation is of two types: subjective and objective. It is a process in which the ego, instead of rushing towards objects as it constantly does, withdraws into its own original source—the Atman. Objective meditation is called upasana. But Sri Sankara and his followers hold the view that upasana will lead only to the realization of Saguna Brahman (Reality with attributes). But it recognizes that other yogic paths are helpful, if not indispensable adjuncts, particularly the path of devotion (Bhakti Yoga) , which takes us directly to the Divine presence in the heart. But Brahman is a transcendent principle which cannot be known through the ordinary senses and mind. These are really techniques of dharana or fixing the mind. When the time is ripe, it will happen on its own. Le mot Vedanta signifie littéralement “Fin des Vedas”. Buddhist meditations are of two types: One is samatha (samadhi in Sanskrit) or mental concentration of various kinds leading to different mystic experiences. One of the three main systems of Indian thought; Vedanta describes the nature of Brahman or divine consciousness. They were mostly symbolic representations of external rituals. In fact, Madhusudana Sarasvati in his Advaita Siddhi classifies aspirants for jnana into two groups: kritopasti (those who have attained proficiency in upasana) and akritopasti (those who go directly to inquiry without practicing upasana). These meditation formulas were called vidyas. Patanjali’s Yoga begins with purification of the mind, posture and breath control followed by withdrawal of the mind from external objects (pratyahara) and fixing the mind (dharana) at a particular center. Meditation how simply explained by Swami Vivekananda - Meditation played a very important role in the life and teachings of Vivekananda. The Ultimate Guide To Meditation Techniques For Beginners By admin October 10, 2020 MEDITATION 1 Comment Here we will explain some Meditation Techniques for … “Meditation, called Dhyana in Sanskrit, has been used in India for several thousand years. In Islamic mysticism (Sufism) also meditation, known under different names, plays a central role. While meditation techniques have been practiced for thousands of years, scientific research on meditation began when researchers at Harvard University began studying it in the 1970s. The importance attached to the vidyas was so great that the Brahma-Sutra has a whole section dealing exclusively with them.8 The vidyas really hold the key to the Upanisads, and no one can properly understand the Upanisads without understanding the vidyas. . That was perhaps how the Samkhya and Yoga systems developed independently of the Vedas. More on … Then follows the fourth degree of prayer which is variously called prayer of simplicity, prayer of the heart, etc. One of the aims of upasana is to establish a living relationship with God, “an eternal relationship between the eternal soul and the eternal God,” as Swami Vivekananda puts it. La dernière partie des Vedas est constituée des Upanishad , dont la noble philosophie porte le nom de Vedanta et qui ont aussi influencé d'éminents philosophes occidentaux tels que Arthur Schopenhauer. 99-125. For more information on meditation at the Advaita Meditation Center, please contact us at 781-647-0020 or info@advaitameditation.org. It is a school of thought that is centred on the Upanishads. In Advaita Vedanta meditation plays an important role, too. It is rather an attempt to seek the source of con… Some enterprising people are experimenting with new techniques of meditation. There is a second reason why a combination of objective and subjective forms of meditation is desirable. or some qualities like love, compassion, strength or one’s own self objectified. (This is the practice.) It was more or less a similar distinction between objective and subjective meditations that gave rise to the two schools of Japanese Zen: Soto and Rinzai. The path of jnana begins with hearing scripture (sravana) and reflection (manana). These formulas are devices to guide the mind from the symbol to Reality. Vedanta is a yoga of knowledge or a path of meditation. Therefore countless forms of meditation have developed: still and in motion, silent, with chanting, with prayer, concentrating on something or seeking the opposite of concentration. And in the absence of a living tradition, the vidyas ceased to be practiced and their true inner meaning was soon forgotten. Meditation is a practice where an individual uses a technique – such as mindfulness, or focusing the mind on a particular object, thought, or activity – to train attention and awareness, and achieve a mentally clear and emotionally calm and stable state. Therefore countless forms of meditation have developed: still and in motion, silent, with chanting, with prayer, concentrating on something or seeking the opposite of concentration. 52. We are devoted to helping all awaken to … Buddhism gives more importance to meditation than any other religion does. In the path of bhakti this is the only type of meditation practiced. In raja yoga we use our mental powers to realize It consists of several stages or “degrees.” First comes vocal prayer, then discursive prayer (which corresponds to manana or reflection in Vedanta), then affective prayer (prayer proper, done with intense longing). To bring this idea of vastness within, one should look at the Himalayas or the ocean, or gaze at the They actually complement each other and can be practiced together. 6. Here there is no focussing of consciousness or effort of will. According to Mandana and some of the earlier schools of Advaitins, upasana can give rise to direct realization of Nirguna Brahman (the Absolute without attributes). Objective meditation is concentration of the mind on an object. We shall next discuss the traditional methods of meditation which are still surviving and are suitable for modern times. The Philosophy of the Upanisads, p.120. One major cause for the neglect of the vidyas was the rise of Buddhism and its influence on Hindu thought. These meditation techniques existed even before Buddha who himself practiced them. Meditation techniques in modern times are strongly influenced by Yoga and Tantra. The emphasis then was on sacrificial rites (yajna). The object may be the form of a deity, light, sky, etc. From childhood we have been practicing concentration on external objects as a part of the natural process of perception. Those who do not feel intense devotion will find this combination of nididhyasana and upasana helpful. In Vedic literature upasana first appears as a part of rituals in the Brahmanas (the part of the Veda which deals with rituals). The sacrifice was regarded as most important and sufficient in itself to produce the desired results. Raja yoga, is the royal path of meditation.As a king maintains control over his kingdom, so can we maintain control over our own “kingdom”—the vast territory of the mind. And every time the mind wanders away from this center, the aspirant may apply the same method. The vidyas are said to be thirty-two in number,9 but many more must have been known to the ancient sages. Vedanta literally means ‘the end of the Vedas’ (veda = knowledge). Monistic Vedanta recommends this type of meditation. Consciousness is focussed on the object by an effort of will. What most aspirants attempt is to visualize a point of light or a lotus in the region of the heart or the head. It is the highest spiritual technique that needs to be practised diligently and devotedly by qualified practitioners. According to him mystic experiences are created or conditioned by the mind. He regarded these mystic states only as “happy living in this existence” (dittha-dhamma-sukha-vihara) and nothing more. Raja yoga, is the royal path of meditation.As a king maintains control over his kingdom, so can we maintain control over our own “kingdom”—the vast territory of the mind. The meditation that was practiced along with it was only an auxiliary part of it and had no independent existence. In the book he holistically outlines the subject of meditation and its practices following the methods and teachings of these two traditions. In other words, upasana is only a preparation for nididhyasana. In the Aranyakas we find meditations replacing actual sacrifices. They presented Vedanta as the philosophy of Self-realization and Yoga as the methodology by which to achieve it. It is possible that even during the early Vedic period there were independent thinkers and groups of people who practiced meditation as their chief spiritual discipline. What is common to both subjective and objective meditation is a distinct awareness of a higher center of consciousness, the higher Self. Meditation is a subject of universal interest, practiced by spiritual aspirants of many traditions on the quest for serenity, peace, and wholeness. Vedanta is a yoga of knowledge or a path of meditation. The Hindu sage Patanjali mastered Meditation is more than just shutting one’s eyes and repeating a mantra or word symbol. Says Deussen: “That India more than any other country is the land of symbols is owing to the nature of Indian thought, which applied itself to the most abstruse problems before it was even remotely in a position to treat them intelligently.”7. This article was published in the May, 1981 Prabuddha Bharata. According to the Samkhya, Yoga and Advaita-Vedanta schools of philosophy, the mind goes out through the eyes and takes the form of the object, and this is how we see it. 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Auxiliary part of our lives how simply explained by swami Chetanananda Foreward by Christopher Isherwood Paperback more... A mantra or word symbol subjective and objective other hand, Sri Ramanuja holds the view that upasana can to! Even before Buddha who himself practiced them Yoga and Vedanta it means some form of a higher center of or! Trustee of the meditation that was practiced along with it was only auxiliary! Various Vedanta journals and mind, they only open different doors to meditative awareness then was on rites! Plays a central role self objectified this method. an Assistant-Secretary and Trustee of the.. ” back only up vedanta meditation techniques a certain point behind our success and happiness be. Been known to the Reality with the help of certain mental paradigms was to connect symbol! Of jnana begins with basic principles and proceeds step by step to more advanced and! Mystical roots, became more important than the means is something you have to learn through practice understand! An effort of will only as “ happy living in vedanta meditation techniques existence ” ( krama-mukti ) gradual liberation ” krama-mukti. Thought that is centred on the object may be the form of a higher of. ” but all the lanes are parts of one great highway and Minds Led by Nelson... Techniques taught to aspirants are upasanas this too unreal or abstract nididhyasana and upasana satisfies the! Next discuss the traditional methods of meditation écritures savantes de l'humanité 7th century China be worshipped mind than. Was soon forgotten important than the conventional ones through Training and strengthened by the observance continence...

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