principles of literacy

The principle invoked by orthodoxy is "This is the way it has always been done," or "This is the ‘proper’ way to do it," is merely that it is based upon tradition rather than on function. But perhaps, for unthinkable ages, it has belonged to the. “From this perspective, an engaged reader is one who is motivated, knowledgeable, strategic and socially interactive. Implications of practice, activity, and semiotic theory for cognitive constructs of writing. We must acknowledge that all learning is conducted with others in context and that there are multiple ways of reading and writing that an individual will encounter as he or she grows into social, community and economic spheres. 65 - 80). New York: Harper Torchbooks. Constructing a language: a usage-based theory of language acquisition. We don’t know a world without it, since we’ve been with it all our lives. Noté /5. In J. G. Richardson (Ed. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, Bajaj, M. (2009). Theoretical Principles of Literacy Learning. TEACHER KNOWLEDGE AS FUNDAMENTAL TO LITERACY ASSESSMENT. In P. Moss, D. Pullin, J.P. Gee, E. Haertel, and L. Young (Eds). To help you engage in that process, here are eight "key concepts" of media literacy. Aue. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Do they have the skills, experiences and orientation necessary to fully engage? In his classic work, “Here, interactive, intersubjective dialogue with more advanced peers and masters appears to be crucial.” (Gee, 2008, pp 99), ”In rule-following, we join a consensus in, “Decade after decade of research shows that the amount of time a child spends listening to parents and other loved ones read is a good predictor of the level of reading attained years later. Noté /5. Philosophical Grammar. In M. Peters, N. Burbles, and P. Smeyers (Eds), Showing and doing: Wittgenstein as a pedagogical philosopher. Vygotsky, L. (1986). . 1- 22). Bourdieu, P., & Wacquant, L. J. D. (1992). Journal of Staff Development, 24(1), 55-58. Tomasello, M. (2003). An activity theoretical approach to developmental research. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace College Publishers. The relationship between digital literacy and digital citizenship is also explored and tips are provided for teaching these skills in the classroom. of being exposed to, accessing and being initiated into the forms, features and outcomes of language and living; of the learning and how these beliefs, practices and knowledge mesh with the learning circumstances (e.g. “What we want to focus on is people’s willingness to engage with ... activities in a particular way, thus changing ‘mere’ activities into practices where standards of excellence do matter.” - (Smeyers and Burbles, 2010 pg 196), xii. The framework identifies seven Essential Principles and a set of Fundamental Concepts to support each principle. NAMLE is excited to offer to educators, advocates and allies these Core Principles of Media Literacy Education in the United States. 1993. Canberra City, ACT: Department of Employment, Education, Training and Youth Affairs. Since then, the site has evolved into something a little less esoteric and a lot more practical; we explore everyday issues pertaining to literacy teaching and learning. Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Investigations: an introduction. Anscombe. 101 - 130). So ... please say a big “HELLO” to Ludwig, The Literacy Bug, who often has his head buried deep inside a book. An ocean-literate person understands the essential principles and fundamental concepts about the functioning of the ocean; can communicate about the ocean in a meaningful way; and is able to make informed and responsible decisions regarding the ocean and its resources. Connecting literacy instruction with the linguistic, cultural, home backgrounds of the learner: Developing emergent literacy skills, behaviours and attitudes; Phonemic awareness instruction; Decoding instruction; Comprehension instruction; Independent reading; Fluency instruction; Integrating reading and writing activities to enhance the learning of both; At every stage it is important to emphasise and model how language and literacy are meaningful, purposeful and about discovery. The success of these productions lies in their apparent naturalness. (Mehan, 2008, pp. Both of these documents are also available in print and download forms. 1. All Media are Constructs. In this chapter, you'll study the basic principles of early literacy. A literacy program contains all the components necessary for you to knowledge and information to the individuals in terms of morality and ethics. apply Ludwig Wittgenstein's philosophy of language to the domain of literacy. (2009). TLP 4.011: At first sight a proposition - one set out on the printed page, for example - does not seem to be a picture of the reality with which it is concerned. “[Therefore] change ... is technically simple and socially complex.”  (Sparks, 2003, pg 5), xxiii. ... What disassociations, links and possible transitions are there between different systems of thought and different world pictures? In L. Moll (Ed.). Language and literacy are of personal, social and economic importance. ... Perhaps the most important concept in media-literacy education is that the media do not present simple reflections of external reality; they present productions, which have specific purposes. In crafting them, the writers have built upon on previous scholarship in media literacy as well as communications, education, media and film studies, public health and psychology. That is,  whereas the individuals of all non-human species can communicate effectively with all of their conspecifics, human being can communicate effectively only with other persons who have grown up in their same linguistic community.” (Tomasello, 2003, pg 1). Language is itself a key aspect of our culture. Bernstein, B. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. We recently talked with Dr. Barbara Steckel, Reading Specialist program director and professor in literacy and reading, who shared some ideas on how you can enrich your classroom and motivate your students. ), The Cambridge companion to Wittgenstein. Burbles, N. and Smeyers, P. (2010). Literacy is a human right and is a fundamental part of the human experience. From a diverse perspective orientation, it can be suggested that a concern for proficiency should not be allowed to override a concern for the transformative possibilities of literacy, for the individual and for the society.” (Au, 1998, pg 308), "Leaving an environment where notions of equality and social justice are espoused and re-entering a society where these values are not necessarily present proved, ... suggesting that students are forced to reassess their sense of agency. von Wright, R. Rhees, and G.E.M. The principles were developed from the original @ONE Standards for Quality Online Teaching and best practices supported through current research and the input of thought leaders from the CCCs. I watched her listening patiently to these children’s torturous attempts during the school day, and then all over again after school, one child at a time ... My best friend, Jim, ... looked like a pale version of himself, haltingly coming up with the letter sounds Sister Salesia asked for. If you’re planning on creating a digital literacy program of your own, you must first understand some of the basic principles of digital literacy. These activities facilitate students' appreciation of responses that were different from their own, which Vygotskian and Piagetians alike agree is essential in learning to take the perspective of the other." (Mehan, 2008, pp. Connecting literacy instruction with the linguistic, cultural, home backgrounds of the learner: Developing emergent literacy skills, behaviours and attitudes; Integrating reading and writing activities to enhance the learning of both; Encouraging enthusiasm for reading and writing; Using technology wisely with early literacy development; Assessing early and providing appropriate instructional intervention; and. Bourdieu, P., & Passeron, J. Perhaps it was once disputed. Literacy encompasses the knowledge and skills students need to access, understand, analyse and evaluate information, make meaning, express thoughts and emotions, present ideas and opinions, interact with others and participate in activities at school and in their lives beyond school. Opportunity, structure, cultural boundaries and literacy. 55), “What seems to be needed is the development of a theory of social learning which would indicate what in the environment is available for learning, the conditions of learning, the constraints on subsequent learning, and the major reinforcing process.” (Bernstein, 1964, pg. “Every function in the child’s cultural development appears twice: first on the social level, and later, on the individual level; first, between people..., and then inside people... All higher [mental] functions originate as actual relations between human individuals.” (Vygotsky, 1978, p.57), xiii. The whole system has certain intended and unintended “outcomes.” The outer triangle contains the integration of “instruments” (various tools and technologies), “rules” (norms of use), and “division of labor” (the differential expertise of different actors in the system). CTELL'S 12 Principles of Effective Literacy Instruction, 12 Recommended Resources to Support Reading Development Across Age Groups, Taking the Time to Mention an Important Project, The Power to Depict: A Further Discussion, Applying Our Understanding to Real-World Case Studies, Being brought into the many uses of language, Eight New Resources Available on The Literacy Bug, The Sentence: Features, Types and Structures, Resources for Planning and Monitoring for Effective Literacy Teaching and Learning, Teaching According to the Stages of Literacy Development, How to plan and monitor effective teaching and learning - a video presentation, apply Ludwig Wittgenstein's philosophy of language to the domain of literacy. PI pp 208 - 209: “The substratum of this experience is the mastery of a technique … It is only if someone can do, has learnt, is the master of such-and-such, that it makes sense to say that he has this experience. The neuroscientist Laurie Cutting of John Hopkins explains some nonlinguistic skills that contribute to the development of reading comprehension in these children: for example, how well they can enlist key executive functions such as working memory and comprehension skills such as inference and analogy.” (Wolf, pp 131), “[We are] the species that reads, records, and goes beyond what went before, and directs our attention to what is important to preserve.” (Wolf, 2008, p 4), “As the twentieth-century Russian psychologist Leo Vygotsky said, the act of putting spoken words and unspoken thought into written words releases and, in the process, changes the thoughts themselves.” (Wolf, 2008, p 65 - 66), “In his brief life Vygotsky observed that the very process of writing one’s thoughts leads individuals to refine those thoughts and to discover new ways of thinking.” (Wolf, 2008, p 73). “The human language ... is not based on knowledge but on practice.” (Sluga, 2011, pg 107), "When children learn language, they are not simply engaging in one kind of learning among many; rather, they are learning the foundations of learning itself … language is the essential condition of knowing, the process by which experience becomes knowledge." Philosophy, therapy and unlearning. Edited by Rush Rhees. (Mehan, 2008, pp. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. von Wright. London: Paradigm Publishers. It demands a certain kind of learning at the level of practice that is necessary for knowing how to get on within a culture. Comprehension – a basic understanding of ‘what it is’ and ‘how to use it.’ This is the first step to understanding digital literacy is a basic comprehension of ideas, terms, and concepts. ), “As the cognitive scientist Steven Pinker eloquently remarked, “Children are wired for sound, but print is an optional accessary that must be painstakingly bolted on.”” (Wolf, 2008, p 19), “Becoming virtually automatic does not happen overnight and is not a characteristic of either a novice bird-watcher or a young novice reader. Anscombe. Do students see the practices as useful? vii. In J. Albright & A. Luke (Eds. Schwandt, T. (1994) Constructivist, interpretivist approaches to human inquiry. Explore and enjoy! (1990). Cairney, T. and Ruge, J. Your report needs to explain and discuss issues asked in the questions below and related to the 3 couples, specific circumstances. In Ethics and Education, 4: 1, 43 - 55. 1987. Why? In P. Moss, D. Pullin, J. P. Gee, E. Haertel, & L. J. We must avoid being lulled by popular “diversity” approaches and frameworks that pose no threat to inequity—that sometimes are popular because they are no real threat to inequity. 22.65; University at Albany, The … Young (Eds. doi:10.1353/jsp.0.0030. The more children are read to, the more they understand all the language around them, and the more developed their language becomes.” (Wolf, 2008, p 84), “What is the major channel for such transmissions? Education as initiation into practices. SSHW Worldwide Challenge Daily Motivational Messages from Rutgers NJAES. Peer groups, parents, and students' perceptions are three such influential mediating cultural processes, [and perceptions are affected by structural constraints and social agency]." New York: Penguin Books. Moll, L. (1990). 15 - 34). Originally, the site endeavoured to apply Ludwig Wittgenstein's philosophy of language to the domain of literacy. London: Paradigm Publishers. 54-55), Appropriation of Wittgenstein’s TLP 6.52: “We feel that even if all possible [linguistics] questions be answered, the problems of [learning language in an individual’s] life have still not been touched at all.”, “The problem requires specification of the sociological processes which control the way the developing child relates himself to his environment. (pp. 241–258). In Verhoeven, L. and Snow, C. 5 basic principles of digital literacy. What is important in the midst of all this diversity and change, is discovering ‘the means and methods that subjects use to organize their own behavior’ (Vygotsky, 1978, p.74), xi. (Mehan, 2008, pp. Literacy instruction is incorporated in a thematically based, balanced approach that encompasses both higher and lower level skills and _____________   (1980). ” … (The list can also be found at the Literacy Glossary). (1964), Elaborated and Restricted Codes: Their Social Origins and Some Consequences. In crafting them, the writers have built upon on previous scholarship in media literacy as well as communications, education, media and film studies, public health and psychology. Interview with Michael Fullan: Change agent. These principles have been intended as a guideline for faculty members, students, and administrators to follow to improve teaching and learning. Halliday, M. A. K. (1993). 120 - 139). (1996). Originally, the site endeavoured to apply Ludwig Wittgenstein's philosophy of language to the domain of literacy. (Gee, 2003, pp. In K. McCartney & D. Phillips (Eds), Handbook of early child development. Success builds on success, because as students gain confidence, they are willing to work harder and can more readily learn.” (Au, 2005, pp 175), "Literacy can be seen as dependent on instruction, with the corollary that quality of instruction is key. von Wright and H. Nyman. Financial literacy 6 Financial literacy principles. The Ocean Literacy Guide . Explore the Site . IN YOUR OWN WORDS You need to prepare a report to answer the questions below related to the 3 couples above. Did you know? The Essential Principles of Climate Literacy. “We acquire our linguistic capacities and our ability to participate in human life rather by imitation and habituation, by drill and practice … [in] such simple things as learning to direct our attention, practicing the voicing of sounds so uttering them becomes easy, establishing associations between words and objects, etc.” (Sluga, 2011, pg 107). of opportunities, resources (including time) and enabling experiences and relationships that supports the relevancy of the language activities and practices. ), Literacy and motivation: reading engagement in individuals and groups (pp. Language is itself a key aspect of our culture. Moral literacy makes provision of . Cavell, S. (2005). Pears and B.F. McGuinness. Theory: Social Constructivism Social constructivism is today seen as the main theoretical base for information literacy. Helsinki: Orienta Konsultit. An ocean-literate person understands the essential principles and fundamental concepts about the functioning of the ocean; can communicate about the ocean in a meaningful way; and is able to make informed and responsible decisions regarding the ocean and its resources. Explore the Site . Jacob, E. and Jordan, C. (1993). “The school literacy learning of students of diverse backgrounds will be improved as educators provide students with both authentic literacy activities and a considerable amount of instruction in the specific literacy skills needed for full participation in the culture of power.” (Au, 1998, pg 312 - 313), "These approaches to classroom instruction that appropriate the language and cultural knowledge of low-income and language minority students are radical departures from the textbook memorising or even experimental demonstrations found in most classrooms. “Wittgenstein is emphasizing that ... our language is part of a practice, and a practice rests on contingencies.” (Gerrard, 1996, pg 187), “Without a natural environment of a certain constancy, without a shared humanity of similar needs and reactions, unless we spoke of a shared language, unless there was enough agreement, then it would be meaningless [to speak credibly].” (Gerrard, 1996, pg 192), “Language, which ‘did not emerge from some kind of ratiocination’ (OC 475), is grounded, rather, in practices and habits inculcated in us in childhood.” (Sluga, 2011, pg 69 - 70), “‘Nothing could seem less remarkable than a one-year-old child requesting ‘More juice’ or commenting ‘Doggie gone’ ... From an ethological perspective, perhaps the most astounding fact is that something on the order of 80 percent of all Homo sapiens cannot understand these utterances at all. ), Assessment, equity, and opportunity to learn (pp. THE PRACTICE PRINCIPLES The Practice Principles provide evidenceport for -based sup teaching practice, at a whole-school and classroom level, drawing the focus into every classroom, and to the learning needs of every student. 2. ), Minority education: Anthropological perspectives. PRINCIPLE 1: Literacy instruction is an integral part of a comprehensive language program. Last writings on the Philosophy of Psychology. (1987). What the above review or related work leads me to conclude is that language, literacy and learning development is influenced by: The language practices that students interpret and engage with are part of not only their language development, but also their social development. In order to be responsible citizens, we need to be media literate. 52), xviii. The Core Principles of Media Literacy Education When we look at the media, we often don’t realize that this ever-present source of information has a powerful influence over us. (Moll, 1990).” (Au, 1998, pg 300), “The sheer volume of writing and the flowering of literary genres contributed hugely to the knowledge base of the second millennium BCE. _____________ (1978). Climate Literacy: The Essential Principles of Climate Science presents information that is deemed important for individuals and communities to know and understand about Earth’s climate, impacts of climate change, and approaches to adaptation or mitigation. Todd (2000) states that new knowledge and meaningful learning results when a person consciously and explicitly ties new knowledge to relevant concepts and propositions already possessed. CV: Thinking too has a time for ploughing and a time for gathering the harvest. ), The Cambridge companion to Wittgenstein. theories and principles of information literacy kim shanish b. asuncion iii-25 blisci 2. I have decided that I will run a constructivist classroom. Cambridge: Icon Books. Equity Literacy Principles for Educators of Students Experiencing Poverty . The notion of literacy engagement is closely linked to views of children as having an active role in their own development. They are introducing students into “way of being” that either will advantage them in the future or be a potential source of frustration. Peters, M. (2010a). 1. (Bajaj, 2009, p. 562), "Having experienced the pain of prejudice and discrimination, Latinos and African-Americans in AVID realised that the individual effort and hard work would not automatically lead to success. Media Representations Construct Reality ; Audiences Negotiate Their Own Meaning ; Media Constructions Have Commercial Purposes ; Media Messages Contain Values AND Ideologies ; Media Messages have Social AND Political Consequences … The "teacher’s" role is to help the child by arranging tasks and activities and establishing routines, habits and ways of using language and literacy. Better yet, people are smarter when they work in smart environments; that is, environments that contain, integrate, and network a variety of tools, technologies, and other people, all of which store usable knowledge.” (Gee, 2008, pp 89), “People are always parts of environments, whether they are particularly smart ones or not.” (Gee, 2008, pp 89), “At the heart of constructivism is a concern for lived experience, or the world as it is felt and understood by social actors (Schwandt, 1994).” (Au, 1998, pg 299), “Empowered students are confident in their own cultural identity, as well as knowledgeable of school structures and interactional patterns, and so can participate successfully in school learning activities.” (Au, 1998, pg 304), ”If we want to engage people with some narratives that we consider more important than others (say, moral or aesthetic ones), a possible foothold could be found in the informal practices children find themselves involved in.“ (Smeyers and Burbles, 2010, pg 196 - 197), ”In other words, it is easier to be a ‘tacit teacher’ within an ongoing community of practice, where one is not the only influence drawing learners into reflective participation; conversely, it is harder to be a ‘tacit teacher’ when a cacophony of other influences distract and compete with one’s own influence.“ (Burbles, 2010, pg 212), ”recognise the importance of location on thinking, especially in relation to education in an age where increasingly globalisation, multiculturalism, and internationalisation are the norm rather than the exception.“ (Peters, 2010a pg 16), ”Exile, in other words, is distinguished by the fact that it is an ‘othering’ experience. “What if there is more than one language that lays claim to being the common medium of communication? In order to be responsible citizens, we need to be media literate. Principles for Literacy Assessment. It requires an understanding of how certain areas of experience are differentiated, made specific and stabilized, so that which is relevant to the functioning of the social structure becomes relevant for the child.” (Bernstein, 1964, pg. theories and principles of information literacy kim shanish b. asuncion iii-25 blisci 2. Mehan, H. (2008). London: Paradigm Publishers. Literacy Instruction in Multicultural Settings. (Peters, 2010b, pg. Research for over 50 years on practical experience of students and teachers supports these principles. “Reading specialists ... who have made technical advancement in the field of reading ... [must] make linkages between their self-contained technical reading methods and the social and political realities that generate unacceptably high failure reading rates among certain groups of students.” (Macedo, 2001, pg xiii), xxii. Literacy and motivation: bridging cognitive and sociocultural viewpoints. Linguistics and Education, 5(2), 93 – 116. Alexander, P. A. The types of practices and how students are positioned or position themselves by these practices are crucial. It is a teacher who knows a range of learning strategies.”  (Hattie, 2012, pp. Certainties of a world-picture: the epistemological investigations of On Certainty In H. Sluga, H. and D. Stern (Eds. Assessment, equity, and opportunity to learn (pp. Kober, M. (1996). “In real reading … the reader is positioned in a state of conviction in relation to the words in the text.” (Fulford, 2009, pg. The Journal of Speculative Philosophy, 22(2), 92–105. Burbles, N. (2010). This chapter focuses on key ideas for understanding literacy assessment to assist with educational decisions. (1996). 1. DOWNLOAD PDF OF THE GUIDE; Explore 700 +/- learning concepts in scope and sequence … Just as a fish doesn’t realize it lives in the water, we don’t realize we’re exposed to these influential messages. Ruth M. Parker, M.D., Emory University School of Medicine. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 54(3), 280–90. In M. Peters, N. Burbles, and P. Smeyers (Eds), Showing and doing: Wittgenstein as a pedagogical philosopher. (3rd Edition). “[Wittgenstein] says that his account in [, ] is like a ladder that is necessary to reach a higher level of understanding that, once attained, provides a vantage point from which such ladders can be seen as flawed and unnecessary - once it has served its purpose for the ladder can (must) be thrown away ... We want to emphasise that this should be regarded as an, argument: that it is exploring the question of how understandings and ways of seeing are changed. PI 569: Language is an instrument. Often this dynamic is what we call ‘conscience.’” (Burbles and Smeyers, 2010, pg 180), “As every teacher knows, emotional engagement is the tipping point between leaping into the reading life ... An enormously important influence on the development of comprehension in childhood is what happens after we remember, predict, and infer: we feel, we identify, and in the the process we understand more fully and can’t wait to turn the page. Appropriation of Wittgenstein’s TLP 6.52: “We feel that even if all possible [linguistics] questions be answered, the problems of [learning language in an individual’s] life have still not been touched at all.”. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Like the FAST program, the Principles of Literacy was created for select freshmen. xi - xxxii). 1-16). It is also this sociocultural context that is shaping the relevant diverse language forms and practices that are encountered and engaged in. When he’s not reading, he takes ample opportunities to put pen to paper or fingers to keyboard to explore, speculate, report, imagine or just express in general. “[Wittgenstein’s] pluralism raises thorny questions. 7 Principles of Media Literacy. For example, what kind of literacy assessment will enable children to live in and contribute to an increasingly democratic society? Norwood, NJ: Ablex. Principles and practice . 42–75). 61-62), "The act of teaching requires deliberate interventions to ensure that there is cognitive change in the student; thus the key ingredients are being aware of the learning intentions, knowing when a student is successful in attaining those intentions, having sufficient understanding of the students’ prior understanding as he or she comes to the task, and knowing enough about the content to provide meaningful and challenging experiences so that there is some sort of progressive development.

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