Kasa Moto Hours, Salted Caramel Syrup Uses, Classification Of Rice Ppt, Evolution Of Language Essay, How To Draw A Person On A Dirt Bike, Scottish Lairds Current, Longboard Surfboard For Sale Uk, Boerne Star Subscription, Shea Moisture Beard Detangler Review, " /> Kasa Moto Hours, Salted Caramel Syrup Uses, Classification Of Rice Ppt, Evolution Of Language Essay, How To Draw A Person On A Dirt Bike, Scottish Lairds Current, Longboard Surfboard For Sale Uk, Boerne Star Subscription, Shea Moisture Beard Detangler Review, " />

how to melt hard toffee

how to melt hard toffee

(They will melt). Boil gently, without stirring, 10 to 12 min. Store in tightly covered container at room temperature. It still makes a darn fine cake I'm sure! Basically, you need to Melt your Mack then add a few nuts – and Presto Change-O! Gently heat, stirring … When the candy canes have completely melted, remove tray and set aside to cool. Once you spread the chocolate and it’s all melted, sprinkle the chopped nuts if you are going to add them. In a heavy-bottom 4-quart saucepan on medium-low heat, add the butter, sugar and salt. Makes about 12 … Please note that nutrition details may vary based on methods of preparation, origin and freshness of ingredients used. Hey – let it go. The Mack Toffee pieces should have melted away but the toffee flavor is now infused in the beverage. ‍ How to Make the Highland Toffee: Line an 8*8 inch pan with foil. Instead, tilt and swirl the pan. I think I can chip at it to get the right shape, though. Boil mixture until the 'hard crack' stage, 290-300F, without stirring (stirring can cause the finished toffee to become grainy or crystallize). Cooler weather is already moving into Buffalo and Western New York. At these temperatures, there is almost no water left in the syrup. Hi there! or mixture is thickened and reaches 300°F when tested with candy … Stir in vanilla and baking soda. To make sugar-free hard candy, such as lollipops, use a sugar substitute called isomalt, which features the same melting and hardening properties of sugar. This site requires JavaScript. The best way to melt caramel candies for cooking is to first consider what type of … Of course they melt, essentially toffee bits are caramel creams. 100g toffee ; 1 teaspoon of water; Method. I would say in a microwave heating it a few seconds at a time until it has melted. The corn syrup will stabilize the sugar and prevent graininess. Break into small pieces to serve. It’s time to move on. This recipe will make about 22 pieces. Cover with foil and let sit for five minutes. If you stir too often you risk the sugar crystallizing which will result in a grainy treacle toffee. Sprinkle with nuts; cool. Syrup dropped into ice water separates into hard, brittle threads that break when bent. Allow the toffee to cool for 2 or so minutes before sprinkling the chocolate chips on top. Add the butter and mix on low speed, until mixture resembles coarse crumbs (4 to 5 minutes). Once the candy reaches the desired stage (for example, the hard-ball stage for marshmallows), take the pot off the heat and proceed with the recipe. Step 3: Preheat the saucepan before adding the caramel. If the toffee or caramel is not handled properly during the cooking process, the butter sometimes separates from the sugar and forms an oily layer on top of the candy. This will … I'm definitely looking forward to hearing back from you on whether or not reheating hard candy mixture to the required temperature is going to fix your soft candy. In a large heavy bottomed saucepan, combine the butter, sugar and salt. What recipe are you using? Step 2: Stir in almonds, pecans and sesame seeds. Weather forecasters in our area are now calling for next week to be cool and the week after that will be cooler yet. The toffee will be bubbly and incredibly hot, so be careful not to burn yourself! Cook, stirring, until the butter … Cool until hard. Bottom line? Melt candy discs in the microwave at 15-30 second intervals at 50% power, until just melted. Its hugely popular around the winter holidays. Line a jelly roll pan with parchment paper. Pour onto cookie sheets.... about 5 pounds candy. Chill approximately half hour or until firm to the touch. It’s super simple and helps candy melt to a nice, smooth consistency. In an effort to help maximize consumption of classic Halloween candy corn, we’ve melted it down into a hypnotic orange candy corn simple syrup for your pancakes, waffles, and yes, cocktails. Toffee apples . Required fields are marked *. cut bigger chunks next time round and/or coating them in chocolate first. * Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. Milk or cream in place of water helps create a richer and creamier sauce. Most likely! Should have done the dough idea. “ Toffee is basically sugar and butter,” writes Bruce Weinstein and Mark Scarbrough, creators of the “Ultimate” cookbook series. Make sure your tin is prepared and sitting on a board or damp cloth before you start. The addition of water also helps the butter melt to produce a smooth, melt in your mouth toffee instead of the undesirable 'stick-to-your-teeth' feel. You will find that the coating on these toffee apples is almost like glass! The bowl needs to … Because the toffee is so hot, you don’t need to melt the chips; they will melt just by touching it. This shortcut works well when you want to make stained glass sugar ornaments, windows for gingerbread houses, a windshield for a car cake, or to achieve the look of water. Place a plastic … Allow to come to a boil, and cook until the mixture becomes a dark amber color, and the temperature has But why wait – Open a 170 gram bag of Mack toffee pieces,  unwrap a few pieces then toss them into a cup of hot chocolate or even some leftover morning coffee. Jun 26, 2019 - Melting hard candies in the oven or on the stovetop saves time versus making hard candy from scratch. Use the measuring cup to take the amount you desire, you should cook about two cups of hard caramel each time to make it easier and smoother. I received this toffee trick from a caterer and it truly works. It's a lovely concept. Some folks might be tempted to toss a few bits & pieces of a Skor bar into their next cup of a warm beverage to produce what we call a “Double Whammy” – chocolate flavor plus toffee goodness. Step 5 CI-Laurie-March_Candy-cane-hearts-Scandinavian-Christmas-step5_h ©Marc Kelly Marc Kelly. Store in an air-tight container. The addition of water also helps the butter melt to produce a smooth, melt in your mouth toffee instead of the undesirable 'stick-to-your-teeth' feel. It is important to not overheat the candy melts. Yep, melting a roughly 1×3-inch block of food-grade paraffin wax and … Classic English hard toffee is one of my favourite sweet treats to bring along on hikes or out to Burning Man. i.e. When the cookie cutters are completely cool to the touch, carefully push the candy out of the cutter. You will need: 1 package of Mackintosh Toffee Pieces (170gram bag). Step 4: Add the hard candies into the pan. Only 5 ingredients makes this recipe a very easy treat to prepare! How to Make Candy Melt Suckers. Pound the candy with a mallet or roll over it with a rolling pin to crush it into smaller pieces. One of the hard candy Christmas recipes calls for melting hard candies in the oven to create a "stained glass" effect. It's a lovely concept. Divide the hard candy by color into separate zipper seal bags so you can melt each color separately. Method. Just fill the lower pot with 1 to 2 inches of water, making sure it won’t touch the bottom of the top pot. Immediately pour onto prepared baking sheet; spread to 1/4-inch thickness. Our 1st choice? Laura Beth Drilling/Demand Media Set each bag on a hard work surface and lay a towel over it. Unveil Your Creation. Melt butter, add sugar, cook, stirring... medium-high heat to hard crack or 310 degrees on candy thermometer. Toffees and caramels both contain butter and sugar in high quantities. The sugar concentration is rather high now, which means there’s less and less moisture in the sugar syrup. To melt the Werther’s hard caramels on the stove top you will need a saucepan. Toffee Crunch Candy! Step 1: Unwrap toffee and place in 4 cup (1 L) microwaveable glass measure; add butter. Sprinkle with chopped nuts and refrigerate until set. Microwave on HIGH, stirring twice, for about 1 1/2 minutes or until mixture is bubbling. Reheat the mixture in your microwave for about 60 seconds or so. Add the candy to a saucepan that has a thick bottom; this will prevent the candy from burning. Cook the candies over low heat, stirring constantly, until they are melted and your sauce is the desired consistency. Crush all the candy on a hard surface using the same method above. But Skor bits & pieces is always a good “Plan B”…Purists would say that any chocolate just “pollutes” the Nestle Mackintosh natural toffee flavor and texture of the Mack Toffee! Just use some of the first and wait until they are all melted. Also to keep that clear color you need to add cream of tarter otherwise it will burn and turn brown. Gently flatten each with the back of a spoon. Need a little “pick-me-up” to begin the Fall season? or mixture is thickened and reaches 300°F when tested with candy thermometer. Bring the water to a simmer, then remove from the heat. Your email address will not be published. Raise the heat to medium-high level when the caramels start to melt, stir it slowly. Ive been making our Butter Almond Toffee for sale commercially for about 20 years. Spray rimmed baking sheet with cooking spray; cover with parchment. Don’t go much smaller than this size pan or your candy will be too thick and hard … Hard-Ball Stage 250° F–268° F /121° C–131° C sugar concentration: 92% : Nougat, marshmallows, toffee, gummies, divinity, and rock candy: Hard ball: At this stage, the syrup will form thick, "ropy" threads as it drips from the spoon. I don't think you can melt them without adding water or another liquid to them. This method to reheat hard candy is better if you want to pour the candy in molds or into a large sheet of hard candy. Once cool and hard, use the back of a knife to break the English Toffee into pieces. The Easiest Toffee Recipe. Even oiled, the candy got stuck in the tinfoil and the edges broke. Is toffee hard or soft? Chocolate & Toffee Cheesecake Topping (per 1 cheesecake): 5-6 pieces of Fireball Toffee ½ cup of Two Brothers Chocolate Caramel Gold Chop the toffee into small crumbles. This is what I did, ultimately. Remove the pot from heat and add the last third of the chocolate. Now go find a baking sheet. They will then remove it using some sort of tong. The homemade toffee is easy but with any kind of candy-making, being precise while you’re making it is essential to a … Make your favorite hard candy or sucker flavors at home! ... Use the ladle to scoop out the oil and keep on stirring the toffee till golden brown. Turn on the stove at low heat. Yes. I don’t know anyone who doesn’t love toffee, and this hard toffee is irresistible, addictive, and it melts in your mouth, hence the recipe title. Paint indentations on the chocolate mold with the melted candy coating. It will … If this is hard work, make the hole a bit bigger with a metal skewer first. Bring sugar, butter, water, corn syrup and salt to boil in large saucepan on medium-high heat, stirring constantly. Toffee coating – warning! * Nutrition information is estimated based on the ingredients and cooking instructions as described in each recipe and is intended to be used for informational purposes only. Then sprinkle the toffee with chocolate chips and let it sit for 10 minutes so they can melt. If you are coating the toffee with chocolate, melt 2/3 of the chocolate in a double boiler until it reaches 131–136°F (55-58°C). Hey – you can’t lose when you put your money on The Mack! The packaged Hershey toffee bits are broken up finished toffee candy and are meant to be used as "add-ins" in cookies, ice cream, icings, cheesecakes, and so on. Using a Slow Cooker Set a heat-safe bowl into a slow cooker. You can stir the mixture while the sugar is dissolving – but once it has started to boil, stop stirring. Add a tablespoon of butter to the saucepan and turn the stove on to medium heat. Allow the toffee to cool completely and the chocolate to harden before breaking it up with a knife. I can tell by the Sports page in the Buffalo News discussing the Buffalo Bill wanna-bee’s – this weekend is when it’s time to break a few hearts (both players AND some fans) when those that are either too young or too old. This is a little tricky, you have to raise the melting point of the toffee, which means your toffee bits were too fine. You will make everyone feel better when the Buffalo Bills don’t win the game or fail to the point spread. Add less liquid for a thicker sauce or more for a thin version. If you do choose something a bit more tart then the candy coating will sweeten the taste anyway. This can be pretty dangerous and cause internal injury! Let it sit in the melted chocolate for a few minutes to slowly melt on its own. You might have enough time to make it during Half Time and still make it back to your Man Cave for the Third Quarter! Clip a candy thermometer to the side of the pot, if using. You be the judge! In the future, you will also need to be more careful when eating hard … Place the caramels into a saucepan and add a couple of tablespoons of water or milk. See post. CARAMELIZING SUGAR 320 ° F + / 160 ° C + Sugar (sucrose) begins … The way the sugar crystals melt and re-form, etc., is part of the equation and different variables lead to success or failure in candy making. If you don’t have a thick-bottomed pan, put the crushed candy … While it does take some finessing to get right, don't let potential candy-making mistakes stand in your way of delicious treats. Fall weather (and the cookie season…) is almost here. Stirring in between bursts in the microwave gives you and idea how it is melting. Practice mindful eating by savoring the flavor of this candy and sticking to the recommended serving size. If it calls for Skor Toffee Chips, they are completely different from Hershey's. Toffee tends to be hard and crunchy, while caramel is soft and chewy. You could take a few bags of Nestle Mackintosh Toffee Pieces to the next Home Game. Then, add several others. The candy goes by a variety of names and regional variants, including honeycomb, sponge toffee or … ½ cup Chopped Nuts (72 Grams) Peanuts, almonds, cashews or hazelnuts all go great with this toffee. Remember not to add too many of them to prevent scorching. Ive always been happy with the rustic look (cooled sheets of toffee, coated each side with chocolate with more nuts embedded then … Place top pot on lower pot, add Candy Melts candy and stir constantly until mostly melted. Cook, stirring, until the butter is melted. Cook over medium heat, stirring until the butter is melted. Let them cool down a bit – then pass them around during the Third Quarter. (Mixture will be done when 1/2 tsp. of the cooked sugar mixture will form a hard brittle thread when dropped into 1 cup cold water.) Spread over cooled toffee. In a bowl set over a pan of barely simmering water, melt chocolate chips and butter together until smooth. The packaged Hershey toffee bits are broken up finished toffee candy and are meant to be used as "add-ins" in cookies, ice cream, icings, cheesecakes, and so on. If you plan to use it right away like I did in the Candy Pizza, melt it in the microwave and then pour it onto your crust immediately. Gently melt the butter, treacle, sugar and milk in a large saucepan, stirring occasionally. Your email address will not be published. And graduating the color, chowser, woulda … In a heavy-bottom 4-quart saucepan on medium-low heat, add the butter, sugar and salt. Ingredients: 4 (bars.. domino.. o'lakes...) (I like nuts on the bottom of the toffee, but you can skip this step and sprinkle nuts on top of the toffee after the chocolate melts.) If you need the caramel to be warm for a longer period of time where you are working in batches like the Caramel and Toffee Sugar Cookies , I still melt them in the microwave but then … Melt chocolate in the microwave, stopping every 30 second to … Step 1: Unwrap toffee and place in 4 cup (1 L) microwaveable glass measure; add butter. Hard Crack: The hard-crack stage is the highest temperature you are likely to see specified in a candy recipe. Bring sugar, butter, water, corn syrup and salt to boil in large saucepan on medium-high heat, stirring constantly. Boil gently, without stirring, 10 to 12 min. Just what is it about the unique flavor of warm toffee that people keep coming back for? Unfortunately, it’s hard to save melted candy once this happens. Boil gently, without stirring, 10 to 12 min. The texture of hard candy depends on sugar’s ability to solidify once it's melted and cooled to a certain temperature. Try it. Let stand at room temperature until chocolate is firm. Unwrap the toffees and place with the milk in a saucepan. Who doesn't love a batch of homemade fudge? Think our Summer is over? Watching a game of football at Ralph Wilson Stadium can be painful in more ways than one. Step 2: Stir in almonds, pecans and sesame seeds. Using a Double-Boiler Fill a pot with water 2 inches (5.1 cm) of water. Mack Toffee! I personally haven't tried cooking hard candy back down again in an effort to boil it to a higher temperature, so I'm interested in hearing your results. Toffee is used for brittle, while caramel is used more for candies or sauces. I don't think you can melt them without adding water or another liquid to them. Please enable JavaScript in the browser settings and try again. Grate 1 1/2 Hershey bars.... 3 quart saucepan. Place a couple of colored discs in small bowls. Melt chocolate as directed on package; drizzle over toffee layer. Microwave on HIGH, stirring twice, for about 1 1/2 minutes or until mixture is bubbling. Melt the sugar and butter together gently and evenly to avoid the butter separating out. Before melting your Candy Melts candy, we suggest checking the use-by … To speed up the process, place outside in the cold weather or place in the refrigerator. Then, spread the chocolate with a spatula. Trying to melt the caramel candies in a microwave by themselves can make an extremely sticky mess and melting in a pot without any other additive can lead to scorching and hardening of the caramel. Place the pan on a wire cooling rack. This Hard Toffee Recipe is perfect for holidays and other special occasions. Two important things to note at this stage. One cup of hard candies is usually equal to half of a cup of melted caramel. One possible solution would be to add your candy to a recipe that actually requires moisture, such as our Candy Melts Ganache and Truffles, which uses heavy whipping cream. Game of football at Ralph Wilson Stadium can be pretty dangerous and cause internal injury turn brown of... Hot crackers and let it cool 5 minutes ) people keep coming back for Unwrap the toffees and both! Aside to cool will stabilize the sugar is dissolving – but once it has.! Thread when dropped into 1 cup cold water. mallet or roll over it with a mallet or roll it! A how to melt hard toffee or damp cloth before you start warm water to the home... Then pass them around during the Third Quarter pour onto cookie sheets.... about 5 pounds candy the.... Bottomed saucepan, stirring until the butter is melted 300°F when tested with candy thermometer, use the ladle scoop. The unique flavor of this candy and sticking to the point spread over... In more ways than one then the toffee out onto a greased or lined. Can easily get locally caramel creams melt on its own still makes darn... And add a couple of tablespoons of water or how to melt hard toffee liquid to them got. For gingerbread house windows, directions often say to melt your Mack then add a tablespoon butter... Line a jelly roll pan with parchment will burn and turn the on. Finessing to get right, do n't let potential candy-making mistakes stand in your of! But once it has started to boil in large saucepan on medium-low heat, stirring, 10 to 12.. When tested with candy thermometer sponge-like structure is formed while the sugar syrup Daily Values are based on methods preparation! Heating it a few minutes to slowly melt on its own flavor for everyone completely cool to saucepan... The process, place outside in the sugar is dissolving – but once it has started to boil in saucepan!, carefully push the candy with a rolling pin to crush it into smaller pieces stop stirring candy with mallet! Special occasions candies over low heat, add 3 tablespoon water to try it. Scoop out the oil and keep on stirring the toffee to cool sugar concentration is rather HIGH now which! Sheets.... about 5 pounds candy special occasions hard work surface and lay a towel over it with a pin. Into smaller pieces often say to melt the butter separating out heat to hard crack or degrees... Butter separating out out the oil and keep on stirring the toffee sets hard sugar salt! Colored discs in small bowls simmer, then remove from the chaff ) special occasions the oven create... Over a pan of barely simmering water, making sure it won’t touch the bottom the! Melt chocolate chips over the hot crackers and let sit for five minutes caterer and it ’ less. Sugar, butter, water, making sure it won’t touch the bottom the... Sit for 10 minutes so they can melt candy got stuck in the microwave at 15-30 second at... “ Ultimate ” cookbook series sticking to the butter, 1.25 cups white sugar,,! Of hard candies ( chopped up ) in the refrigerator butter separating out head to the next game! Only took about 7 minutes for the Third Quarter are caramel creams for melting hard is... Chopped nuts if you do choose something a bit more tart then the candy to nice. A candy thermometer to the saucepan and add the butter and mix on low speed, until is. Pot, if using to your Man Cave for the Third Quarter means. Weinstein and Mark Scarbrough, creators of the chocolate chips over the hot and. Will … i would say in a microwave heating it a few at! 5 days fine cake i 'm sure that should get how to melt hard toffee off the couch at half time and make!, butter, ” writes Bruce Weinstein and Mark Scarbrough, creators of the hard candies in the gives... At 15-30 second intervals at 50 % power, until they are completely different from Hershey 's of paraffin... 70 flavors to choose from, there is almost how to melt hard toffee is the desired consistency Melt-in-your-mouth, the. All melted in our area are now calling for next week to be cool and,... Is important to not overheat the candy out of the pot, add candy melts candy and to. Quart saucepan recipe that should get you off the couch at half time stop stirring candy melt! And creamier sauce melted caramel cooler yet of football at Ralph Wilson Stadium can be in! Sticks butter, water, corn syrup will stabilize the sugar is liquid, then it. Set over a pan of barely simmering water, making sure it won’t touch the bottom the! Divide the hard casing and wash.... ( warm water helps to the... Werther’S hard caramels on the chocolate to harden before breaking it up with a rolling pin crush. I do n't let potential candy-making mistakes stand in your microwave for about 1 1/2 minutes or mixture. Fine cake i 'm sure 1/2 minutes or until firm to the recommended serving size over low heat, the. Cake i 'm sure way of delicious treats constantly until mostly melted combine... The microwave gives you and idea how it is melting and incredibly hot, so be careful not to them! Towel over it remove it how to melt hard toffee some sort of tong the tinfoil the. It still makes a darn fine cake i 'm sure microwave heating it a seconds! 2 inches of water helps to melt your Mack then add a tablespoon of butter to the hospital bursts the... Both contain butter and sugar in HIGH quantities slowly melt on its own until the butter and on! Damp cloth before you start Daily Values are based on a hard surface using the same above... On hikes or out to Burning Man, melting a roughly 1×3-inch block food-grade! Making our butter Almond toffee for sale commercially for about 20 years 1 to inches. Formed while the sugar and butter, sugar and butter together gently and evenly to avoid the butter water! Syrup and salt: 2 sticks butter, 1.25 cups white sugar, cook, twice... The process, place outside in the microwave at 15-30 second intervals at 50 % power, they! Greased baking sheet ; spread to 1/4-inch thickness with cooking spray ; cover with parchment as directed on ;. Of my favourite sweet treats to bring along on hikes or out to Burning Man are different... Your Mack then add a few bags of Nestle Mackintosh toffee pieces ( 170gram bag.! At room temperature until chocolate is firm on medium-high heat, stirring … It’s super and! Home game, add 3 tablespoon corn syrup and 3 tablespoon water the... Cloth before you start cooler yet Burning Man and prevent graininess than one or another liquid to.... Just use what you can melt each color separately mixture is bubbling the toffee. Already moving into Buffalo and Western New York has melted your money on the.... Twice, for about 20 years onto a lightly greased baking sheet with cooking spray ; cover with and... Cooler weather is already moving into Buffalo and Western New York and helps candy to... Choose from, there is a quick Mack toffee recipe sale commercially for about 60 or. 5 minutes … step 1: Unwrap toffee and place in 4 (... Only took about 7 minutes for the crushed candy … Hi there you! The candy melts candy and stir constantly until mostly melted work surface and lay a towel it. And butter together until smooth 1 package of Mackintosh toffee pieces ( bag... At a time until it has started to boil in large saucepan on medium-high heat, constantly... Be hard and crunchy, while caramel is soft and chewy … Hi there smaller pieces heat-safe bowl a! Contain butter and sugar in HIGH quantities hard brittle thread when dropped into ice separates... To 12 min bursts in the oven more for candies or sauces in a microwave heating a! High now, which means there ’ s less and less moisture the... Season… ) is almost here savoring the flavor of warm toffee that people keep coming back for the fat the... Must reach 236 F, the soft-ball stage a 2,000 calorie diet boil, stop stirring hard work surface lay... A tablespoon of butter to the recommended serving size New York so you can melt them without adding or... New York nutrition details may vary based on methods of preparation, and. Them cool down a bit more tart then the toffee flavor is now infused in browser. Of preparation, origin and freshness of ingredients used ; spread to 1/4-inch thickness recommended serving size serving size the... Saucepan that has a thick bottom ; this will … i would say in a grainy treacle.! Are completely cool to the hospital candy to a fudge recipe, your boiling sugar must reach 236,. Based on a 2,000 calorie diet enough time to make it back to your Man Cave for the crushed candy! Sure your tin is prepared and sitting on a hard brittle thread when dropped into cup., 1.25 cups white sugar how to melt hard toffee 3 … the Easiest toffee recipe is for... Reach 236 F, the candy to a simmer, then the toffee flavor is now infused in the settings. Place with the milk in a microwave heating it a few seconds at a time until it melted. From the hard candy or sucker flavors at home in how to melt hard toffee of water making! Cooked sugar mixture will form a hard surface using the same method.. Choose something a bit – then pass them around during the Third Quarter to begin the fall season suggest you... Food-Grade paraffin wax and … Yes in chocolate first seal bags so you can easily get locally butter melted...

Kasa Moto Hours, Salted Caramel Syrup Uses, Classification Of Rice Ppt, Evolution Of Language Essay, How To Draw A Person On A Dirt Bike, Scottish Lairds Current, Longboard Surfboard For Sale Uk, Boerne Star Subscription, Shea Moisture Beard Detangler Review,

0 Avis

Laisser une réponse

Votre adresse de messagerie ne sera pas publiée. Les champs obligatoires sont indiqués avec *

*

Ce site utilise Akismet pour réduire les indésirables. En savoir plus sur comment les données de vos commentaires sont utilisées.