ethical theories in criminal justice

Ethical egoism, in particular, plays various roles, especially in offering practical solutions to conflicts that emerge in this system. The four theories The three key ethical theories are known as utilitarianism, virtue, and formalism. Through criminal justice systems, people’s conducts are judged according to guiding laws and principles and those found guilty are punished for their crimes. These systems are used by individuals to make decisions when confronted with ethical dilemmas. In the above context, criminology therefore refers to the scientific approach to studying criminal behavior. Because of the new unified empire, philosophical thought transformedfrom the idea of small communities to one single entity (Banks, 2017). CJA 484 ENTIRE COURSE The first theory, utilitarianism, is credited to John Mill, and it is defined as a universal law which makes decisions that benefit the greater good of a population rather than the individual’s needs. These individuals should face hard time for their illegal activities. Criminal Justice intends to reduce crime. There are three categories of ethical theories: Normative theories tell us not only what we ought to do, but also why we do things that in some instances may appear counterintuitive to what we think an ethical decision would be. Duringthe Hellenistic period, Alexander the Great assumed ruling from his father,Phillip, who had placed Greece under Macedonian rule (Banks, 2017). In a seemingly unrelated case, public defenders Dale Coventry and Jamie Kunz represented Andrew Wilson for the murder of two police officers. http://acehomework.com/CJA-484-Full-Course-Criminal-Justice-Administration-Capstone-A-45567.htm As the ethical paradigm of policing continues to evolve, ethical theories must be turned into everyday common practice and this can only be maintained by ongoing training. There are many forms of punishment adopted by institutions in order effectively punish prisoners. As bizarre as it seems, some things may not be illegal, but can be extremely unethical. An Ohio State Trooper by name of Williams, these set rules is a crime and it is punishable as stipulated in most state constitutions across the world. There are four major ethical theories: deontology (or duty), utilitarianism, rights, and virtue. Ethical behavior, of course, isn’t about winning a case at all costs. Pollock (2007, p.6) further defines meta-ethics as “a discipline that investigates the meaning of ethical systems and whether they are relative or are universal, and are self-constructed or are independent of human creation.”. Apparently, every crime committed is usually motivated by different factors. CJA 484 ENTIRE COURSE, Criminal Justice Ethics, Fourth Edition examines the criminal justice system through an ethical lens by identifying ethical issues in practice and theory, exploring ethical dilemmas, and offering suggestions for resolving ethical issues and dilemmas faced by criminal justice professionals. Write a 1,400- to 1750-word paper in which you evaluate past, present, and future trends of the criminal justice component you select. Article. Criminal Justice Ethics, Volume 39, Issue 2 (2020) Articles . Week 1 Individual Assignment Criminal Justice Trends Paper (Lyons, 2003) The issue is in regard to how offenders are punished when incarcerated and debates what theory of punishment offenders should serve their sentence under. City-states were no … These methods of punishment are diverse in both procedures and outcomes; however they all, law . Are congressional districts drawn to be fair? ETHICAL THEORIES IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM 3 discrimination, entrapment, uncivil conduct and abuse of professional code of office. By dissecting the normative theories of ethics, we can have a clear understanding on the moral decisions we ought to make, or the reason some people make the decisions they do. Providing harsher sentences will deter individuals from joining these organized groups, or gangs are to show these individuals that they can and will be punished, The Three Major Ethical Theories In Criminal Justice, Ethics determine what is considered decent and acceptable behavior in society and it is a key aspect of life, whether it is at work, home, or in society. This led to the transformation from Greekcity-states to an empire (Banks, 2017). The way the death penalty is administered in the United States allows for it to check all four of those boxes. (INTEXT). Normative Ethical Theories The three key ethical theories are known as utilitarianism, virtue, and formalism. For example, a decision may be made that appears on the surface to be unethical, but when we are aware of the philosophical system used in the decision making, we can then understand the root of the decision and, at the very least, see its intended morality. While this occurred, Greek language, civilization, and philosophy spreadthroughout the Mediterranean (Banks, 2017). Cyndi Banks stated that “Criminal justice professionals, who often possess the right to control others through the application of force and coercion, must understand how to act in situations in which ethical dilemmas arise if they are to avoid accusations of abuse of their powers, Download Ethics plays an essential role in criminal justice. Chapter 2 The Importance of Ethics in Criminal Justice | 19 that society has already agreed upon. Here the interest is in evaluating moral and ethical theories and systems. Criminals in the United States are to be given their rights and not to have harm to them in any way under the justice system as they may be freed from their prosecution and their case be acquitted if found in their favor if an act of unjust or immoral conduct has been found. They are a professional guide, charged with ushering their student towards professionalism, letting them know what to expect and how to behave, all the while explaining the rules that must be followed. The normative ethical theories that are briefly covered in this chapter are: complex situations that often involve an apparent mental conflict between moral imperatives, in which to obey one would result in transgressing another. Sometimes ethical egoism theories in the criminal justice system may also come from some the self-interest of police officers, the right of entitlement to police officers, corruption of supervisors, the self-preservation of police officers, and the secret police code of silence for loyalty to corrupt officers. is the criminal justice that even gives the criminal rights. This allows us to view ethical issues from different perspectives and assists us in making informed decisions. This book is concerned primarily with normative ethics and understanding only the common normative ethical theories. As a class we went over several criminal cases but it were only a few I preferred. Is our method for funding schools fair? For example, moral relativism is a meta-ethical theory because it interprets discussions around ethics; a question asked within moral relativism is “is ethics culturally relative?” Evans and Macmillan (2014, p.27) define meta-ethics as “theories of ethics concerned with the moral concepts, theories, and the meaning of moral language. Criminal Justice Ethics examines the criminal justice system through an ethical lens by identifying ethical issues in practice and theory, exploring ethical dilemmas, and offering suggestions for resolving ethical issues and dilemmas faced by criminal justice professionals. The theories we look at here, however, are important to help us understand why the decisions we make, or someone else makes, are ethical or unethical. SLIDE 3 – FORMS OF ETHICAL THEORIES For individuals, the ethical theory they employ for decision making guidance emphasizes aspects of an ethical dilemma important to them and leads them to the most ethically correct resolution according to the guidelines within the ethical theory itself. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Many public policy arguments focus on fairness. The retributive theory, also known as the deserts theory, states that the punishment that, One solution in preventing organized crime will be to charge all persons involved in illegal activities. Also, this paper addresses the theoretical and ethical foundations, police brutality and corruption cases. For the purposes of this book, meta-ethics will relate to the way we look at and understand normative ethical theories. Evans and Macmillan (2014, p.27) define normative ethics as “theories of ethics that are concerned with the norms, standards or criteria that define principles of ethical behaviour.” The most common examples of normative ethical theories are utilitarianism, Kantian duty-based ethics (deontology), and divine command theory, which are described later in this chapter. When learning how to resolve ethical dilemmas, it is important to be able to articulate a justifiable rationale for why we believe one decision seems right and another seems wrong. His theories are not focused on helping individuals cope with ethical dilemmas; rather they address general concepts that consider how the criminal justice system ought to behave and function in a liberal democracy. Without ethics, law enforcement and the court system would have no foundation for the actions they take. Currently, we have three main ethical theories that can apply to law enforcement, as well as everyday life. This is a reflective paper drawn upon knowledge acquired from various criminal justice courses that I have taken, as well as from the syllabus of materials utilized in this course (i.e., CJ 435 Organization and Management). Examples of how a theory may relate to and assist law enforcement are included. For instance, some people, prisoners themselves.” (July, 2000) The prison system is a global issue that affects the "human potential, free will and innate goodness in man." Criminal Justice Ethics examines the criminal justice system through an ethical lens by identifying ethical issues in practice and theory, exploring ethical dilemmas, and offering suggestions for resolving ethical issues and dilemmas faced by criminal justice professionals. In other instances, some of the ethical theories may seem overbearing. This paper will cover four ethical theories and how they relate or don’t relate to the field of criminology today. It could be seen, therefore, to have a utilitarian rationale. Criminal justice organizations provide firearms and use-of-force training, but often overlook ethics training. This essay is intended to be my reflection on the theory of justice, considering the historical development, evolution, and structure of contemporary criminal and juvenile justice systems. 1.2 Ethics and the Pursuit of a Law Enforcement Career, 1.3 As Employees in Law Enforcement Agencies, Chapter 3: Ethical Dilemmas and the Process of Effective Resolution, Chapter 4: Key Ethical Issues within Law Enforcement, 4.4 Person, Gender, and Cultural Differences in Conformity, 4.5 Ethical Issues during an Investigation, Chapter 5: Accountability and Investigation, 5.3 The Royal Canadian Mounted Police Act, 6.2 Policing Public Demonstrations and Crowd Control, Chapter 7: Discretion, Supervision, and Leadership, 7.6 Transactional and Transformational Leadership, Chapter 8: The Culture of Law Enforcement, 8.4 Moral Culpability versus Legal Culpability, Appendix. 2.10 Rawls’ Theory of Justice John Rawls (1921-2002) was a contemporary philosopher who studied theories surrounding justice. Ethics play an important role in criminal justice. One of those cases were Berkemer v. Mccarty. To bring these people to justice and made an example. Criminal Justice Ethics Criminal justice and ethics are closely related. Applied ethics describes how we apply normative theories to specific issues, usually related to work or belonging to an organization; for example, policies and procedures of organizations or ethical codes of outlaw bikers versus ethical codes of police officers. The British Columbia Police Code of Ethics. It presents ethics as an “umbrella of civility” under which the law becomes more meaningful and rational, and easier to … Ethics in Criminal Justice: In Search of the Truth, Fifth Edition, provides an introduction to the fundamentals of ethical theory, doctrines, and controversies, and the rules of moral judgment. Discuss the budgetary and managerial impact that future trends, While in my class I learned a variety of things but the most important topics that stood out to me were the cases. At times, some of the ethical theories may seem overly philosophical for our purposes; we may even wonder why we should study theories that were sometimes developed centuries ago when we are primarily dealing with present-day issues. The purpose of this paper is to expound the differences between the three main ethical theories in criminal justice. Criminal Justice Ethics examines the criminal justice system through an ethical lens by identifying ethical issues in practice and theory, exploring ethical dilemmas, and offering suggestions for resolving ethical issues and dilemmas faced by criminal justice professionals. Select one of the components of the criminal justice system (law enforcement, courts, or corrections). When learning how to resolve ethical dilemmas, it is important to be able to articulate a justifiable rationale for why we believe one decision seems right and another seems wrong. While elaborating on how an agency can be improved when applying the correct theory to the problem. Reactions and Reflections to Cyndi Banks' 'Criminal Justice Ethics: Theory and Practice' 1060 Words | 4 Pages. Law enforcement professionals must execute justice by upholding the law in an ethical and constitutional manner. Moreover, it is vital that the criminal justice community be highly committed to ethical standards that surpass those of an ordinary citizen. Ethical considerations that criminal justice policymakers must make include citizens’ rights to privacy, prisoners’ rights while incarcerated, and how to apply laws and justice procedures to the population without privileging or disadvantaging specific groups. With the overview of the three categories of ethical theories we will further analyze each ethical theory or system. Criminal practitioners work in several various areas of the criminal justice system. The Law Enforcement Code of Ethics was adopted in 1957 and is the “preface to the mission and commitment law enforcement agencies make to the public they serve.” It consists of five basic principles. Each one of these theories looks at our ethical behavior in different ways. According to social contract theory, the denizens of a country give up certain liberties to be protected by the government, and criminal justice professionals are agents of the government. Ethical egoism among the law enforcers creates an opinion of what is good and bad (Fitch, 2011). Each area has unique justifications on why ethics is important to the moral agent of that specific job. The case originally came out of the U.S District Court for Southern District of Ohio, but later was brought to the Supreme Court. Ethics in Law Enforcement by Steve McCartney and Rick Parent is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. If You Face Any Problem E- Mail Us At JohnMate1122@gmail.com The scope of criminal justice ethics is usually construed narrowly to encompass a range of concrete and mid-level ethical problems encountered within the primary institutions of criminal justice—police, courts, and corrections—including, for example, use-of-force policies, judicial corruption, and the rights of prisoners. Ethics give citizens a framework for the expectations they have of their government. The duty of police officers is to serve the community where they work. Attorney Behavior. The Deontological Ethical system, or otherwise called the nonconsequentialist system which relates to moral theories can be best described as a system which was dependent not on the result of the action but on the reason why the act was committed. Ethical behavior is important within any discipline whether it be automobile mechanics or brain surgeons. Two disciplines in which ethical behavior is especially important are the disciplines of criminal justice and psychology due to the vulnerable state of the individuals which are encountered on a … In 1982, Alton Logan was arrested and charged with the murder of a security guard at a McDonald’s restaurant. More concisely, meta-ethics concerns an interpretation and evaluation of the language used within normative ethical theories. Serve the Community. Having a basic understanding of the major ethical theories will help us toward an ethical resolution learning how to articulate and justify the decision. CJA 484 (CRIMINAL JUSTICE ADMINISTRATION CAPSTONE) ENTIRE COURSE However, Wilson told his two public defenders that he was actually the person who killed the McDonald’s security guard, not Logan. Currently, we have three main ethical theories that can apply to law enforcement, as well as everyday life. Criminal Justice Ethics examines the criminal justice system through an ethical lens by identifying ethical issues in practice and theory, exploring ethical dilemmas, and offering suggestions for resolving ethical issues and dilemmas faced by criminal justice professionals. Pages: 95-110. ‘Utility’ would be obvious if a punishment deterred an offender from reoffending or if it discouraged others from offending in the first place. Meta-ethics does not address how we ought to behave; rather, meta-ethics is related more to the study of ethical theory itself.

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